【GRE写作】Argument 精选真题范文(四)

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「Question No. 13」

In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered

its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this

effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on

reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit.

Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project

that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing

rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today,

major Butler County roads still have a 55mph speed limit, yet there were 25

percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were

five years ago.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to

evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen

the argument.

Instruction:

短文的结论： It is concluded that Prunty County should undertake the same kind of

road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago to replace

its reduction in the speed limit. 套话： The missing of the crucial pieces of

evidence renders the logic of the argument vulnerable.。

Body

逻辑点(1)：「假 / 错误分母」：

首先指出欠缺的evidence是什么： The first piece of evidence the author omits to provide

is the total traffic volumes before the speed limit and after.

然后，具体分析欠缺的evidence的对于文章逻辑的影响： A large number of accidents out of a large traffic

volume may represent a small chance of accidents. Likewise, a small number of

accidents may represent great incidence of accidents if the traffic volume is

small. It is the proportion of the accidents to the total traffic volume that

decides the likelihood – the rate – of accidents, and the reduced rate is the

key to the improved level of highway safety, whereas the decrease in the number

of accidents is not without knowing the total number of cars on the highway.

【注意：论述时的措辞思路不一，只要说清楚明白即可。

措辞方面没有的的答案，但是逻辑的正确性。】

逻辑点(2)：「地点差异」：

首先指出欠缺的evidence是什么： Another missing piece of evidence is the similarity

between the causes of accidents in Prunty County and those in Butler County.

然后，具体分析欠缺的evidence的对于文章逻辑的影响： The effectiveness of a road improvement project

may vary from county to county. In other words, the project may be effective in

Butler County and ineffective in Prunty County. If the causes of accidents in

the two counties are different, Butler County's experience may not be as

transferable as thought.

逻辑点(3)：「它因」：

The reduction in the number of accidents in Butler County may not be

attributed to the road improvement project but to a number of other factors,

such as the decreased traffic volume, drivers’ improved driving behavior and

safety awareness. However, the argument provides no evidence to rule out these

possibilities, the causative relation between the project and the decreased

number of accidents is rendered vulnerable.

逻辑点(4)：「时间断点」：

None of the annual numbers of accidents two years ago, three years ago and

four years ago are known. The lack of the crucial evidence renders it unclear

that the project has been effective or that last year was an instance that the

accidents decreased for other reasons as is mentioned before. Without having the

evidence, it is fair to believe that the annual number of accidents in the past

few years immediately after Butler County’s road improvement project increased,

and as a result, the project may not be as effective as thought.

逻辑点(5)：「偷换概念」：

The author confuses reported accidents with accidents that actually took

place. 首先指出欠缺的evidence是什么：A piece of evidence that is missing at this point is

whether every accident that occurs is reported. 然后，具体分析欠缺的evidence的对于文章逻辑的影响：It

is not unlikely that some of the accidents were not reported when they happened,

and as a result, it is likely that the total number of accidents did not

decrease.

【可能还有逻辑点(6、7、8 …)：写4到5个逻辑点即可。】

Conclusion

Unless the author provides the aforementioned evidence, which is however

omitted in the line of reasoning, Prunty County should not negate its reduction

in the speed limit or to undertake the same kind of road improvement project

that Butler County completed five years ago.