【备考每日练】GRE阅读题之量子力学的应用

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每日一练

Quantum mechanics is a highly successful’ theory: it supplies methods for

accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with

minute particles. The predictions of quantum mechanics, however, give only the

probability of an event, not a deterministic statement of whether or not the

event will occur. Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly

dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain

that quantum mechanics is wrong. Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in

quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of

probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion

have not been specified. If these hypothetical “hidden parameters” were known, a

fully deterministic trajectory could be defined. Significantly, this hidden-

parameter quantum theory leads to experimental predictions different from those

of traditional quantum mechanics. Einstein’s ideas have been tested by

experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support

traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein’s approach is almost certainly erroneous.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that

Einstein's approach is “erroneous” might have to be modified because

A It is theoretically possible to generate plausible theories with hidden

parameters within them

B Some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the

hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics

C it is possible for a theory to have hidden parameters and yet be

probabilistic

D Traditional quantum mechanics has not yet been used to analyze all of the

phenomena towhich it could be applied

E There are too many possible hidden parameters to develop meaningful tests

of hidden-parameter theories

2. According to the passage, Einstein posed objections to the

A existence of hidden parameters in quantum theory

B probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics

C idea that quantum mechanics is incomplete

D results of experiments testing quantum theory

E importance .accorded quantum mechanics in physics

3. The passage suggests that which of the following would have resulted if the

experiments mentioned: had not supported the predictions of traditional quantum

mechanics?

A Einstein, had he been alive, would have revised his approach to quantum

mechanics.

B Hidden-parameter .theories would have been considered inaccurate

descriptions of real-world phenomena.

C A deterministic description of the motion of a particle might still be

considered possible.

D Quantum mechanics would have ceased to attract the attention of

physicists.

E Einstein, had he been alive, would have abandoned attempts to specify the

hidden parameters that describe motion.

正确答案

B B C

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