GRE课外阅读材料大补充 规律的睡眠时间与儿童智力成正比

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Regular sleeping hours really are good for children—if they are girls.IN THAT

mythical era when children were seen and not heard, and did as they were told

without argument, everyone knew that regular bedtimes were important.Dream on!

most modern parents might reply.But research by Yvonne Kelly of University

College, London, shows that the ancient wisdom is right—half the time.

有规律的睡眠时间对儿童真的有好处—如果她们是女孩在那个孩子们被看见却不被倾听，没有任何异议顺从地去做被告知的事的神话般的年代，人人都知道有规律的就寝时间很重要。大部分现代家长可能会这样回复：怎么可能，做梦吧!但是伦敦大学学院的Yvonne

Kelly 的研究表明，古老的智慧有一半是正确的。

Daughters, it seems, do benefit from regular bedtimes. Sons do not.Dr Kelly

knew of many studies that had looked at the connection between sleep habits and

cognitive ability in adults and adolescents.All showed that inconsistent

sleeping schedules went hand in hand with poor academic

performance.Surprisingly, however, little such research had been done on

children.

有规律的就寝时间对女儿似乎确实有益，对儿子却没有效果。博士Kelly熟知很多关于睡眠习惯与成年人、青少年认知能力联系的研究。所有研究都表明，反复无常睡眠安排和糟糕的学业表现是密切相关的。然而令人惊讶的是，几乎没有关于儿童这方面的研究。

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She and a team of colleagues therefore examined the bedtimes and cognitive

abilities of 11,178 children born in Britain between September 2000 and January

2002, who are enrolled in a multidisciplinary research project called the

Millennium Cohort Study.The bedtime information they used was collected during

four visits interviewers made to the homes of those participating in the

study.

因此，她和她同事组成的团队调查了那些注册参加了千禧世代研究多学科研究项目、在2000年9月到2002年1月期间在英国出生的11,178个孩子的就寝时间和认知能力方面的信息。他们用的就寝时间的信息是在四次访问期间，采访者去那些参加了这个研究的家里收集的。

These happened when the children were nine months, three years, five years

and seven years of age.Besides asking whether the children had set bedtimes on

weekdays and if they always, usually, sometimes or never made them, interviewers

collected information about family routines, economic circumstances and other

matters—including including whether children were read to before they went to

sleep and whether they had a television in their bedroom.

访问会在孩子九个月大，三岁，五岁和七岁时进行。除了问孩子们是否在工作日按时作息以及他们是总是、经常、有时按时作息，还是从未按时作息。采访者也会收集关于家庭的日常生活惯例，经济状况，还有其他事项—包括家长是否会在孩子睡觉前读东西给孩子听，孩子的卧室是否有电视。

The children in question were also asked, at the ages of three, five and

seven, to take standardised reading, mathematical and spatial-awareness tests,

from which their IQs could be estimated.Dr Kelly's report, just published in the

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, shows that by the time children

had reached the age of seven, not having had a regular bedtime did seem to

affect their cognition, even when other pertinent variables such as bedtime

reading, bedroom televisions and parents' socioeconomic status were controlled

for.

在三岁，五岁和七岁时，孩子们也会被要求去做标准化阅读、数学还有空间感测试，通过这些测试来评估他们的智商。Kelly

博士的报告刚在《流行病学和公共健康杂志》上发表，其报告显示在儿童到了7岁的时候，即便在睡前阅读，卧室电视还有父母社会经济地位等相关变量被控制的情况下，没有一个有规律的就寝时间似乎的确会影响他们的认知能力。

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But that was true only if they were female. On the IQ scale, whose mean value

is 100 points, girls who had had regular bedtimes scored between eight and nine

points more than those who did not.Boys were not completely unaffected.Irregular

bedtimes left their IQs about six points below those of their contemporaries at

the age of three.But the distinction vanished by the time they were seven.

但是只有在女孩身上才有这个影响。在智商测量中，女孩的平均得分是100分，有定期就寝时间的女孩的分数比那些没有定期就寝时间的女孩分数要高8到9分。男孩并不是完全不受影响。在他们三岁的时候，无规律的就寝时间让他们智商分数要比他们的同龄人要低大约6分。但是当他们到了7岁的时候，这个差异消失了。

This difference between the sexes is baffling.Dr Kelly did not expect it and

has no explanation to offer for it.As scientists are wont to say, but this time

with good reason, more research is necessary.Meanwhile, in the going-to-bed wars

most households with young children suffer, the sons of the house have acquired

extra ammunition.Mind you, those with the nous to read and understand Dr Kelly's

results are probably not suffering from their sleep regimes anyway.

不同性别之间的不同是令人困惑的。Kelly博士并没有预料到这点，并且不能对此提供任何解释。就像科学家们习惯的说的，更多的研究是有必要的，但是这一次有很好的理由。同时，在大部分有着年幼的孩子的家庭所痛苦的去床上睡觉的战争中，家里的儿子们已经获得了额外的弹药。注意，无论如何，如果孩子们能够理性地阅读与理解Kelly博士的研究结果，他们或许不会因其睡眠方式而受损。

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