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政治与媒体偏见

In a study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the

Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), it is

found that the mainstream print press in America operates within a narrow range

of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were

generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points

of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of

view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the

press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive

press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak

outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. It

is also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion

pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing

primarily on the issues of race and homosexuality, the press injected opinion

into its news coverage of other issues such as welfare reform, environmental

protection, and gun control; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

媒体的影响： 孩子

Communications technology is expanding through the entire global community.

Children everywhere are being born into a world of images and messages, which

are largely separated from their home, school and spiritual lives. In society

today, storytellers are seldom parents, grandparents, teachers or the clergy;

instead they are the handful of distant forces with something to sell. What is

unique about the media industry is that in global and corporate domination they

have become part of our culture as well as our identity. Social scientists and

child advocates have been exploring the effects of media for decades, yet it is

only recently that the concern has generated a public debate. Historical

Disagreements concerning the effect of violence revealed in works of art and

entertainment have resonated over the centuries. We must ask ourselves whether

or not our versions of entertainment exhibits any more violence than past forms

of recreation, for example gladiatorial games or public hangings.

电视的影响： 亲子关系

Since television is frequently used by parents as a babysitting device, there

is a lack of interaction between children and parents. On average, between 1960

and 1992, children lost ten to twelve hours per week of parental time. Children

who are more closely identified with either parent are less aggressive. When a

child is given the opportunity to spend quality time with their parents, their

level of aggression is reduced.