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新闻的价值

News values determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media

outlet, and the attention it is given by the audience. News journalism has a

broadly agreed set of values, often referred to as “newsworthiness”.

News values are not universal and can vary widely between different cultures.

In Western practice, decisions on the selection and prioritization of news are

made by editors on the basis of their experience and intuition, although

analysis shows that several factors are consistently applied across a range of

news organizations.

如何定义新闻价值

The practical constraints of the newsgathering process, the collective norms

of the newsroom and manipulation by external pressure groups all affect the news

value given to an event by the journalist and the way it is reported. The news

value given to the story by the audience, its impact or interest, is determined

by the degree of change it contains and the relevance of that change to the

physical and social security of the individual or group. Major change, coupled

with high relevance, gives the story a correspondingly high news value; little

or slow change, together with low relevance, indicate low news value.

Some commentators argue that as many stories are apparently manufactured,

Galtung and Ruge‟s list of news values should be open to question. The dominance

of celebrity and social news, the blurring of the boundary between news and

reality and other popular culture, and the advent of citizen journalism may

suggest that the nature of news and news values are evolving and that

traditional models of the news process are now only partially relevant.

大众传媒的信息来源

In an industrialized economy where consumers demand information on numerous

worldwide events unfolding simultaneously, this task can only be filled by major

business and government sectors that have the necessary material resources. This

includes mainly The Pentagon and other governmental bodies. A symbiotic

relationship arises between the media and parts of government which is sustained

by economic necessity and reciprocity of interest.

On the one hand, government and news-promoters strive to make it easier for

news organizations to buy their services; they provide them with facilities in

which to give journalists advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports

schedule of press conferences.

On the other hand, the media become reluctant to run articles that will harm

corporate interests that provide them with the resources that the media depend

upon.

This theoretical relationship also gives rise to a “moral division of labor”,

in which “officials have and give the facts”, and “reporters merely get them”.

Journalists are then supposed to adopt an uncritical attitude that makes it

possible for them to accept corporate values without experiencing cognitive

dissonance.