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生物多样性的益处之一： 提供食物及预防灾害

There are a multitude of benefits of biodiversity in the sense of one diverse

group aiding another such as:

1. Resistance to catastrophe

Monoculture, lacking biodiversity, was a contributing factor to several

agricultural disasters in history, including the Irish Potato Famine, the

European wine industry collapse in the late 1800s, and the US Southern Corn Leaf

Blight epidemic of 1970. Higher biodiversity controls the spread of certain

diseases as viruses need adapt to infect different species.

2. Food and drink

Biodiversity provides food for humans. Although about 80 percent of our food

supply comes from just 20 kinds of plants, humans use at least 40,000 species of

plants and animals a day. Many people around the world depend on these species

for their food, shelter, and clothing. There is untapped potential for

increasing the range of food products suitable for human consumption, provided

that the high present extinction rate can be stopped.

生物多样性的益处之二： 提供药物和工业原料

3. Medicines

A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from

biological sources; in most cases these medicines can not presently be

synthesized in a laboratory setting. About 40% of the pharmaceuticals used in

the US are manufactured using natural compounds found in plants, animals, and

microorganisms. Moreover, only a small proportion of the total diversity of

plants has been thoroughly investigated for potential sources of new drugs. Many

drugs are also derived from microorganisms.

4. Industrial materials

A wide range of industrial materials are derived directly from biological

resources. These include building materials, fibers, dyes, resins, gums,

adhesives, rubber and oil. There is enormous potential for further research into

sustainably utilizing materials from a wider diversity of organisms.

生物多样性的益处之三： 更好的作物多样性

5. Better crop-varieties

For some food crops and other economic crops, wild varieties of the

domesticated species can be reintroduced to form a better variety than the

previous (domesticated) species. The economic impact is gigantic, for even crops

as common as the potato (which was bred through only one variety, brought back

from the Inca); a lot more can come from these species. Wild varieties of the

potato will all suffer enormously through the effects of climate change. A

report by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)

describes the huge economic loss. Rice, which has been improved for thousands of

years by humans, can through the same process regain some of its nutritional

value that has been lost (a project is already being carried out to do just

this).

Crop diversity is also necessary to help the system recover when the dominant

crop type is attacked by a disease.

生物多样性的益处之四： 生态服务及科研价值

6. Other ecological services

Biodiversity provides many ecosystem services that are often not readily

visible. It plays a part in regulating the chemistry of our atmosphere and water

supply. Biodiversity is directly involved in recycling nutrients and providing

fertile soils. Experiments with controlled environments have shown that humans

cannot easily build ecosystems to support human needs; for example, insect

pollination cannot be mimicked by human-made construction, and that activity

alone represents tens of billions of dollars in ecosystem services per annum to

humankind.

7. Intellectual value

Through the field of bionics, considerable technological advancement has

occurred which would not have without a rich biodiversity.