【考生必知】ETS官方公布GRE阅读选项原则

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ETS形成了一套固定的GRE阅读选项规则。考生务必有所了解。小编为大家带来考生必知：ETS官方公布GRE阅读选项原则，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助，取得理想的成绩。

1. 正确选项：

(1)同义变换 。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的"many wind-pollinated

species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions

prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little

wind"。

其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。

2.错误选项：

对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：

(1)混偏反无。

1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。 如下例：

文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial

investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform

work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some

reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"

GRE阅读考试题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have

its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses

(本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)

(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government

(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and

subcontracts

2)偏： 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文：

Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the

depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided

the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been

typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate

predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on

an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black

community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun

by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the

relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male

and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was

influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a

wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and

paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the

1970’s.

GRE阅读题目：The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors

(B) describing common themes in Black American literature

(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature

(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth

century

(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American

novels in the second half the twentieth century

分析：此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。而其中的D，E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the

writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围，即属于“以全概偏”。于是不予选择。

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