GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之领导力与管理风格

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领导力与管理的混合vs.管理风格

Differences in the mix of leadership and management can define various

management styles. Some management styles tend to de-emphasize leadership.

Included in this group one could include participatory management, democratic

management, and collaborative management styles. Other management styles, such

as authoritarian management, micro-management, and top-down management, depend

more on a leader to provide direction. Note, however, that just because an

organization has no single leader giving it direction, does not mean it

necessarily has weak leadership. In many cases group leadership (multiple

leaders) can prove effective. Having a single leader (as in dictatorship) allows

for quick and decisive decision-making when needed as well as when not needed.

Group decision-making sometimes earns the derisive label “committee-it-is”

because of the longer times required to make decisions, but group leadership can

bring more expertise, experience, and perspectives through a democratic

process.

领导与管理I： 管理是领导的子概念

Some commentators link leadership closely with the idea of management. Some

regard the two as synonymous, and others consider management a subset of

leadership. If one accepts this premise, one can view leadership as:

1. centralized or decentralized

2. broad or focused

3. decision-oriented or morale-centered

4. intrinsic or derived from some authority

Any of the bipolar labels traditionally ascribed to management style could

also apply to leadership style. Management merely consists of leadership applied

to business situations; or in other words: management forms a sub-set of the

broader process of leadership. Leadership occurs any time one attempts to

influence the behavior of an individual or group, regardless of the reason.

Management is a kind of leadership in which the achievement of organizational

goals is paramount.

领导与管理II： 领导与管理的区别

However, a clear distinction between management and leadership may

nevertheless prove useful. This would allow for a reciprocal relationship

between leadership and management, implying that an effective manager should

possess leadership skills, and an effective leader should demonstrate management

skills. One clear distinction could provide the following definition: Management

involves power by position. Leadership involves power by influence. Leaders are

inspiring visionaries, concerned about substance; while managers are planners

who have concerns with process.

Specifically, a leader optimizes upside opportunity; a manager minimizes

downside risk. Successful executives need to apply both disciplines in a balance

appropriate to the enterprise and its context. Leadership without management

yields steps forward, but as many if not more steps backwards. Management

without leadership avoids any step backwards, but doesn’t move forward.