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领导者的定义及其特点

First let’s define what a leader is. A leader is getting things accomplished

by acting through others or getting people to perform to their maximum

potential.

Now let’s identify some common traits of a leader. Leaders are people who set

the example and have the courage to take the initiative to dominate the

situation. They are decisive, bold, tactful, and communicate very well. They

maintain enthusiasm, commitment, devotion and are knowledgeable of their duties.

Effective leadership is the process of motivating others to meet specific

objectives.

三大领导者类型

Three types of leaders exist, each with very different psychological

profiles. One group is characterized as imaginative, inspiring, visionary,

entrepreneurial, intuitive, daring, and emotional, and they are called

“artists”. In a second grouping, there are “craftsmen” who are well-balanced,

steady, reasonable, sensible, predictable, and trustworthy. Finally

“technocrats” is defined as cerebral, detail-oriented, fastidious,

uncompromising, and hard-headed. No one profile offers a preferred leadership

style. If we want to build, we should find an “artist leader”; if we want to

solidify our position, we should find a “craftsman leader”; and if we have an

ugly job that needs

to get done (like downsizing), we should find a “technocratic leader”. A

balanced leader exhibiting all three sets of traits occurs extremely rarely.

三大类领导行为

Leadership behaviors can be divided roughly into three types which meet needs

in areas of task, team and individuals:

1. Substantive, or behaviors directly relevant to performing the group’s

task, such as proposing possible solutions or providing important

information;

2. Procedural, or behaviors that help direct the group’s discussion, such as

developing group procedure or testing the degree of agreement among members;

and

3. Maintenance, or behaviors that improve the relationships among the

members, such as encouraging silent members or facilitating open discussion.

Any member can perform these behaviors, and so any member can participate in

leadership. It was once thought that members always specialized in one type or

another, but while that can happen it is not necessarily the case.

The functional leadership model places more emphasis on how an organization

is being led rather than who has been formally assigned a leadership role. This

allows the analysis to spend less time looking at the person who has formally

assigned authority and instead focus on how the leadership function is actually

taking place.