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一种新的个性化教育模式

Two examples of future schools that have always seemed very interesting are

the schools proposed by George Leonard. The first of these appeared in a book

that came out in 1968, Education and Ecstasy, and the second in an article in

Esquire in 1981. We consider only the first of these two. Leonard splits the

school into two distinct pieces, one concerned with cognitive aspects of

learning and the other with effective learning. Technology plays a major role

only in cognitive learning. The learning dome is the arena for this. Computers

are placed around the perimeter of the dome, each with large screens touching

neighboring ones. Students carry an identifying electronic box as they approach

a computer. The computer has full records of just where the child is in all

subjects, and as with all highly interactive material, these records show where

difficulties are occurring. They are updated as the student progresses. Part of

the information about each child is obtained by examining brainwaves. And

neighboring children are brought together when possible, with the double screen

having activities of both children.

教师在学习中的作用

The art of correctly tailoring the use of extrinsic reinforcement in the

classroom to enhance intrinsic motivation to learn lies in the hands of the

teacher. After becoming familiar with various theories of learning, the teacher

is in a position to perceive their students’ learning experiences from a new

perspective. Having this broadened insight toward students’ motivation to learn

helps the teacher to become more conscious of their own behavior and the events

that take place in the classroom. The Skinnerian approach for a teacher to use

power to reward and punish their students to motivate them can be ineffective if

executed in and of itself. The role of the teacher is comparative to that of a

manager because they use their power to reward or punish their students to get

results. An effective teacher should not be a traditional manager, but should

strive to be a modern manager. A modern manager spends the majority of their

time structuring the workplace (classroom) to make it more satisfying for their

workers (students). Satisfied workers (students) are much more productive. A

teacher as a modern manager must empower their students to learn.

行政和社区在学习中的作用

When administrators are more autonomy-oriented, they provide teachers with

opportunities to try new things, to teach in their own ways, to choose optimal

challenges, the teachers seem to be more intrinsically motivated. Teachers need

administrators who respond to their initiations and support their practicing

methods to remain intrinsically motivated in the same way that students need

teachers to respond to their initiations and mastery attempts to remain

enthusiastic about learning.

全国性基本课程表

Learner is at the center of the vision. If we had to look at the two main

ideas on which modern education may be argued, we would boil down to Plato’s

liberal education and Rousseau’s progressive and radical orientations. The

vision mentioned above clearly complies with the progressive orientation where

the learner is put at the center. Such revolution, started by Rousseau, is quite

important for us, as it is all about this: putting the learner at the center.

People think only to preserve their child’s life; this is not enough, he must be

taught to preserve his own life when he is a man to bear the buffets of fortune,

to brave wealth and poverty, to live at need among the snows of Iceland or on

the scorching rocks of Malta. If we had to look at the old national minimum

curriculum (NMC), the question was “What should we teach?”, and thus putting the

knowledge at the center.

教科书的统治地位

The major learning modes in schools and universities are the lecture and

textbook. Lectures date at least back to classical Greece, 2,500 years ago;

textbooks come from a more recent technological development, the printing press.

Both textbooks and lectures provide little individualization, so neither work

well considering the wide range of background and experience found with students

today. The advantage of books and lectures is that they can provide integrated

whole courses, not just fragments.