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适当技术AT的构成

E. F. Schumacher asserts that Appropriate technology, described in the book

Small is Beautiful, tends to promote values such as health, beauty and

permanence, in that order.

What exactly constitutes Appropriate Technology in any given case is a matter

of debate, but generally the term is used by theorists to question high

technology or what they consider to be excessive mechanization, human

displacement, resource depletion or increased pollution associated with

industrialization. The term has often, though not always, been applied to the

situations of developing nations or underdeveloped rural areas of industrialized

nations.

It could be argued that “Appropriate Technology” for a technologically

advanced society may mean a more expensive, complex technology requiring expert

maintenance and high energy inputs. However, this is not the usual meaning of

the term.

适当能源技术

“Appropriate” energy technologies are especially suitable for isolated and/or

small scale energy needs. However, high capital cost must be taken into

account.

Electricity can be provided from solar cells (which are expensive initially,

but simple), wind power or micro hydro, with energy stored in batteries.

Biobutanol, biodiesel and straight vegetable oil can be appropriate, direct

biofuels in areas where vegetable oil is readily available and cheaper than

fossil fuels.

A generator (running on biofuels) can be run more efficiently if combined

with batteries and an inverter; this adds significantly to capital cost but

reduces running cost, and can potentially make this a much cheaper option than

the solar, wind and micro-hydro options.

Biogas is another potential source of energy, particularly where there is an

abundant supply of waste organic matter.

The term “soft energy technology” was coined by Amory Lovins to describe

“appropriate” renewable energy.

人类中心说

What Humanist theories do not allow for is the fact that a system of ethics

formulated from a human perspective may be entirely accurate; humans are not

necessarily the centre of reality. The philosopher Baruch Spinoza argued that we

tend to assess things wrongly in terms of their usefulness to us. Spinoza

reasoned that if we were to look at things objectively we would discover that

everything in the universe has a unique value. Likewise, it is possible that a

human-centred or anthropocentric/androcentric ethic is not an accurate depiction

of reality, and there is a bigger picture that we may or may not be able to

understand from a human perspective.

Peter Vardy distinguished between two types of anthropocentrism. A strong

thesis anthropocentric ethic argues that humans are at the centre of reality and

it is right for them to be so. Weak thesis, however, argues that reality can

only be interpreted from a human point of view, thus humans have to be at the

centre of reality as they see it.