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影响新闻报道的因素

A variety of external and internal pressures influence journalists‟ decisions

on which stories are covered, how issues are interpreted and the emphasis given

to them. These pressures can sometimes lead to bias or unethical reporting.

Achieving relevance, giving audiences the news they want and finding interest,

is an increasingly important goal for media outlets seeking to maintain market

share in a rapidly evolving market. This has made news organizations more open

to audience input and feedback, and forced them to adopt and apply news values

which will attract and keep audiences. The growth of interactive media and

citizen journalism is fast altering the traditional distinction between news

producer and passive audience and may in future lead to a deep-ploughing

redefinition of what “news” means and the role of the news industry.

新闻来源

Examples of news sources include: official records, publications or

broadcasts, officials in government or business, organizations or corporations,

witnesses of crime, accidents or other events, and people involved with or

affected by a news event or issue.

There are a multitude of factors that tend to condition the acceptance of

sources as bona fide by investigative journalists. Reporters are expected to

develop and cultivate sources. This applies especially if they regularly cover a

specific topic, known as a “beat”. However, beat reporters must be cautious of

becoming too close to their sources. Reporters often, but not always, give

greater leeway to sources with little experience. For example, sometimes a

person will say they don‟t want to talk, and then proceed to talk. If that

person is not a public figure, reporters are less likely to use that

information.

Journalists are also encouraged to be skeptical without being cynical (“If

your mother says she loves you, check it out.”). As a rule of thumb, but

especially when reporting on controversy, reporters are expected to use multiple

sources. Outside journalism, sources are sometimes known as a “news source”.

匿名新闻来源

The identity of anonymous sources is sometimes revealed to senior editors or

a news organization‟s lawyers, who would be considered bound by the same

confidentiality. (Lawyers are generally protected from subpoena in these cases

by attorney/client privilege.) Legal staff may need to give counsel about

whether it is advisable to publish certain information, or about court

proceedings that may attempt to learn confidential information. Senior editors

are in the loop to prevent reporters from fabricating non-existent, anonymous

sources, and to provide a second opinion about how to use the information

obtained, how or how not to identify sources, and whether other options should

be pursued.