GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之个性类别

北京GRE培训,GRE备考资料,GRE网课,GRE培训机构,GRE保分班,GRE真题,GRE课程

想要在GRE作文部分的考试中写出优秀的文章，论据素材是重要的一环。好的论据不仅能帮助你支撑观点，加强说服力，还能体现出考生在阅读量上的积累和深厚扎实的语言功底基础。特别是ISSUE作文，更是需要大量好素材作为储备，才能保证考生无论遭遇那种题目，都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的写作。小编为大家整理了GRE

ISSUE作文各类题目的精品优质素材，一起来看吧。

“霍兰德编码”的六大个性类别

Holland Codes are personality types created by psychologist John L. Holland

as part of his theory of career choice. Holland mapped these types into a

hexagon which he then broke down into the RIASEC job environments. Holland

argues that 2-3 types dominate in each person.

1. Realistic—practical, physical, hands-on, tool-oriented

2. Investigative—analytical, intellectual, scientific, explorative

3. Artistic—creative, original, independent, chaotic

4. Social—cooperative, supporting, helping, healing/nurturing

5. Enterprising—competitive environments, leadership, persuading

6. Conventional—detail-oriented, organizing, clerical

团体对行为的影响

In addition to belonging to the social and cultural settings into which they

are born, people voluntarily join groups based on shared occupations, beliefs,

or interests (such as unions, political parties, or clubs). Membership in these

groups influences how people think of themselves and how others think of them.

These groups impose expectations and rules that make the behavior of members

more predictable and that enable each group to function smoothly and retain its

identity. The rules may be informal and conveyed by example, such as how to

behave at a social gathering,

or they may be written rules that are strictly enforced. Formal groups often

signal the kind of behavior they favor by means of rewards (such as praise,

prizes, or privileges) and punishments (such as threats, fines, or

rejections).

行为学家关于个性决定行为的理论

Behaviorists explain personality in terms of the effects external stimuli

have on behavior. It was a radical shift away from Freudian philosophy. This

school of thought was developed by B. F. Skinner who put forth a model which

emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or “the organism” with its

environment. Skinner believed that children do bad things because the behavior

obtains attention that serves as a reinforcer. For example: a child cries

because the child‟s crying in the past has led to attention. These are the

response, and consequences. The response is the child crying, and the attention

that child gets is the reinforcing consequence. According to this theory,

people‟s behavior is formed by processes such as operant conditioning. Skinner

put forward a “three term contingency model” which helped promote analysis of

behavior based on the “Stimulus—Response—Consequence Model” in which the

critical question is: “Under which circumstances or antecedent „stimuli‟ does

the organism engage in a particular behavior or „response‟, which in turn

produces a particular „consequence‟?”

社会和阶层对行为的影响

Fair or unfair, desirable or undesirable, social distinctions are a salient

part of almost every culture. The form of the distinctions varies with place and

time, sometimes including rigid castes, sometimes tribal or clan hierarchies,

sometimes a more flexible social class. Class distinctions are made chiefly on

the basis of wealth, education, and occupation, but they are also likely to be

associated with other subcultural differences, such as dress, dialect, and

attitudes toward school and work. These economic, political, and cultural

distinctions are recognized by almost all members of a society—and resented by

some of them.