【备考每日练】GRE阅读题之动物的家园

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One explanation for the tendency of animals to be more vigilant in smaller

groups than in larger ones assumes that the vigilant behavior-looking up, for

example—is aimed at predators. If individuals on the edge of a group are more

vigilant because they are at greater risk of being captured, then individuals on

aver- age would have to be more vigilant in smaller groups, because the animals

on the periphery of a group form a greater proportion of the whole group as the

size of the group diminishes.

However, a different explanation is necessary in cases where the vigilant

behavior is not directed at predators. J. Krebs has discovered that great blue

herons look up more often when in smaller flocks than when in larger ones,

solely as a consequence of poor feeding conditions. Krebs hypothesizes that the

herons in smaller flocks are watching for herons that they might follow to

better feeding pools, which usually attract larger numbers of the birds.

1. It can be inferred from the passage that in species in which vigilant

behavior is directed at predators, the tendency of the animals to be more

vigilant in smaller groups than in larger ones would most likely be minimized if

which of the following were true?

A. The vigilance of animals on the periphery of a group always exceeded that

of animals located in its interior, even when predators were not in the

area.

B. The risk of capture for individuals in a group was the same, whether they

were located in the interior of the group or on its periphery.

C. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to be less capable of defending

themselves from attack by predators than animals located in the interior of the

group

D. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to bear marks that were more

distinctive to predators than animals located in the interior of the group.

E. Animals on the periphery of a group tended to have shorter life spans than

animals located in the interior of the group.

2. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the second

paragraph to the first?

A. The second paragraph relies on different evidence in drawing a conclusion

similar to that expressed in the first paragraph.

B. The second paragraph provides further elaboration on why an assertion made

at the end of the first paragraph proves to be true in most cases.

C. The second paragraph provides additional information in support of a

hypothesis stated in the first paragraph.

D. The second paragraph provides an example of a case in which the assumption

described in the first paragraph is unwarranted.

E. The second paragraph describes a phenomenon that has the same cause as the

phenomenon described in the first paragraph.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage would

be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions about vigilant

behavior?

A. The larger the group of animals, the higher the probability that

individuals in the interior of the group will exhibit vigilant behavior.

B. Vigilant behavior exhibited by individuals in small groups is more

effective at warding off predators than the same behavior exhibited by

individuals in larger groups.

C. Vigilant behavior is easier to analyze in species that are preyed upon by

many different predators than in species that are preyed upon by relatively few

of them.

D. The term “vigilant,” when used in reference to the behavior of animals,

does not refer exclusively to behavior aimed at avoiding predators.

E. The term “vigilant,” when used in reference to the behavior of animals,

usually refers to behavior exhibited by large groups of animals.

4. The passage provides information in support of which of the following

assertions?

A. The avoidance of predators is more important to an animal’s survival than

is the quest for food.

B. Vigilant behavior aimed at predators is seldom more beneficial to groups

of animals than to individual animals.

C. Different species of animals often develop different strategies for

dealing with predators.

D. The size of a group of animals does not necessarily reflect its success in

finding food.

E. Similar behavior in different species of animals does not necessarily

serve the same purpose.

正确答案

B D D E

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