【备考每日练】GRE阅读题之美国社会的困境

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Cash-strapped American cities are finding it harder tomaintain social

services that their citizens and civicleaders alike once took for granted.

Populationexplosions, compounded by the flight of affluenttaxpayers to the

suburbs, have drained urbanresources and forced many cities to make

difficult,often painful, choices. Public hospitals, boons to thepoor and still a

distinguishing feature of the American medical industry, are among

thoseinstitutions under threat of the budgetary ax. Hospitals are as expensive

to run as medical careis costly to the consumer. The return of tuberculosis and

the spread of newer epidemicsamong urban populations have pushed hospital

resources to their limits. Many in governmentare looking to another American

institution, the free-enterprise system, for succor. Theprivatization of public

hospitals is becoming a popular alternative to propping up

strugglingtaxpayer-supported hospitals.

Public hospitals are not, however, the only urban institutions under fire.

Schools---long thetargets of criticism and in palpable decline in most American

cities---also drain as much as abillion dollars from municipal treasuries

nationwide. Complete privatization of schools is probablynot on the horizon, as

public schools have been a part of American life since colonial times, butmany

different uses of government education resources are under serious

consideration. Thefirst is school autonomy, which consists of breaking the links

within school systems andpermitting individual schools to draw up their own

budgets. Another solution is the so-calledvoucher system. Under a voucher

system, cities would provide tuition credit to individualstudents, who would

then attend whichever school they wished, public or private. Presumably,better

schools would receive more applicants, making public schools as competitive as

privateschools are today.

While privatization has succeeded in the manufacturing sector, many critics

point out that whileprivatizing a phone company may produce dramatic financial

benefits, doing the same withhospitals or schools may hurt more people than it

helps. They worry that the poor anduninsured will no longer have a reliable

source of health care as private hospitals turn awaythose who cannot pay.

Parents worry that their children may not gain acceptance to selectiveprivate

schools and be shunted into substandard programs. Advocates respond to

suchcriticism by pointing out that an efficient, private hospital or school

would eventually havesufficient resources to accommodate even the neediest

customers.

1. According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the

decline ofpublic hospitals?

A.The emergence of serious, widespread disease

B.The unwillingness of governments to expand their health care budgets

C.Taxpayer objections to skyrocketing health-care costs

D.The increase in private hospitals

E.An increase in the population of affluent citizens

2. According to the passage, all of the following are arguments in favor of

theprivatization of hospitals and schools EXCEPT

A.the expense involved in transforming private institutions to public

institutions

B.the belief that privatization fosters competition

C.the expense to taxpayers that public institutions present

D.the benefits that the poor would derive from efficient private

institutions

E.the success of privatization in other public services such as public

utilities

3. Select the sentence in the second paragraph in which the author cautions

against anunlikely result.

正确答案

1. A

2. A

3. Complete privatization of schoolsis probably not on the horizon, as public

schoolshave been a part of American life since colonialtimes, but many different

uses of governmenteducation resources are under serious consideration.

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