新SAT考试常见形近词辨析
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1. averse vs. adverse
averse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物;反对某事物 E.g. He seems to be
averse to hard work.
adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敌对的,反对的,不利的 E.g. His health was
adversely affected by the climate.
2. adversity vs. adversary
adversity: trouble; unfortunate event 不幸,灾祸 E.g. Mary faces adversity with
courage.
adversary: opponent; enemy 对手,敌人 E.g. He defeated his old adversary in the
election.
第1、2组词是经常被混淆的四个单词,两两组合进行对比,会给掌握单词带来更高的精准度。
3. antipathy vs. apathy
antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感;厌恶;憎恶 E.g. He showed a marked antipathy
to foreigners.
apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏兴趣;漠不关心 E.g. My parents do not feel
apathy about the election.
这一组词大家可以用词根词缀发来区别,path-作为词根是“情感”的意思,anti-作为前缀是“相反,对抗”,而a-是“不、无、非”的意思,相关单词有sympathy,
empathy等。
4. derive—derivative vs.deride—derisive
derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth 源自,源于;得到获取 E.g. Thousands of
English words derive from Latin.
deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑,嘲弄 E.g. They derided his effort as childish.
derisive这个单词出现在阅读中经常被当做是derive的形容词性理解,其实是deride的形容词,意思为“嘲笑的,嘲弄的”,例如derisive
laughter。
5.exhausted vs. exhaustive
exhausted: very tired 精疲力尽的 E.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is
exhausted.
exhaustive: very thorough; complete 详尽的;彻底的 E.g. Police make an exhaustive
research.
6. imprudent vs. impudent
imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的;不谨慎的;轻率的 E.g. It would be imprudent (of
you) to resign from your present jobbefore you are offered another.
impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的;放肆的;无礼的;不尊重的 E.g. Tom is an
impudent child who never listens to his parents.
在记这组词之前,最好先记住prudent这个单词,它本身就是“谨慎的,审慎的”意思,在其加上im-这个表否定含义的前缀,意思就很容易得出了。
7. callow vs. callous
callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的;乳臭未乾的
callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的;无同情心的
8. congenial vs. congenital
congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament,
interests, etc ; agreeable(指人)(因性情、志趣等相近)彼此合得来的,意气相投的;适合自己性格的
E.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.
congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth (指疾病等)天生的,先天的
E.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.
9. intelligent vs. intelligible
intelligent: smart, educated 聪明的,智能的,智力的
intelligible: that can be (easily) understood 可(易)理解的 E.g. That’s totally a
muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.
10. impassive vs. impassioned
impassive: showing no sign of feeling 无表情的,无动于衷的 E.g. The accused sat
impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.
impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充满激情的;热烈的 E.g. He made an
impassioned plea for mercy.
同第3组词相似的地方是这一组词里面含有pass-表“情感”含义的词根,im-表“不无、非”,所以impassive就是“无表情的,无动于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情,热情”的意思。
11. adapt vs. adept
adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth
使某事物适合於新的用途﹑情况等;修改某事物
E.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对(做)某事物内行的,熟练的 E.g. She’s adept at
growing roses.
这一组词中adapt也经常容易与adopt混淆,adopt意思为“采纳,收养”。
12. indigent vs. indigenous
indigent : poor 贫穷
indigenous: native 土生土长的,当地的 E.g. Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.
13. presumptive vs. presumptuous
presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基于合理之推测的;可能的
E.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on
presumptiveevidence.
presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 胆大妄为的,专横的
E.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?
14. ingenious vs. ingenuous
ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for
complex problems; original in design(指人)善于用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的;设计独特精巧的
E.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very in
genious!
ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的,不隐瞒的,天真的 E.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous
smile.
这一组词,可以利用另外两个单词帮助记忆:genius和genuine。前者意思为“天才”后者意思为“真的,真诚的,非人造的”。ingenious从发音和词形上与genius相近,而ingenuous
和genuine 相近。
15. discreet vs. discrete
discrete: separate; distinct 分离的;截然分开的 E.g. Those are a series of discrete
events.
discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too
obvious 言谈举止谨慎的;言行审慎的;不显眼的
E.g. I should make a few discreet enquirers about the firm before you sign
anything.
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