【SAT作文】开头部分及论证驳斥部分写作模板推荐

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一.开头部分

in this argument, the arguer concludes that…

to substantiate the conclusion, the arguer points out that…

in addition, the arguer assumes that / reasons that / cites the example of

/ cites the result of a recent study that…

a careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless it

is.

二.论证驳斥部分

first of all, the argument is based on a false analogy. / the arguer simply

assumes that… but he does not provide any evidence that … are indeed comparable.

/ as we know, … differ conspicuously. / it is true that both… but even here

exist fundamental differences:… / therefore, even though…proved effective in

doing… there is no guarantee that it will work just as well for…// as a result,

a and b do not establish a warranted analogy. so we cannot safely assume that

(两者无法比)

** the author unfairly assumes that a bears some relation to b. / however,

the author provides no evidence to support that this is the case, nor does the

author establish a causal relationship between a and b. / it is highly possible

that other factors might contribute to the b/change/progress. / for example, …

it is also likely b just resulted from … / lacking evidence that links a to b,

it is presumptuous to suggest that a was responsible for b. (无法建立必然的因果关系)

** the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the

conclusion drawn from it. / one example is rarely sufficient to establish a

general conclusion. / based on a specific example of… , it is logically

unsounded to make suggestion for all… / in fact, in face of such limited

evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all. / unless it can be

shown that … is representative of all…, the conclusion that… is completely

unwarranted. (单个事例不能说明整体问题)

** by concluding that sb must do a or must do b, the author commits a

fallacy of “false dilemma”. / the author assumes that a and b are the only

available solutions to the problem. / however, it is possible that other factors

might also contribute to the problem. for example,… / if so, just doing a and b

would not solve the problem. (还有其他原因)

in addition, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. / even

if… , which is, of course, an unwarranted assumption, it does not follow that… /

it is highly possible that other factors may have contributed to b… / for

instance,… / besides, the arguer does not provide any solid information

concerning… / unless… , which is unknown from this argument, there is no

guarantee that… // without ruling out these and other possible factors that give

rise to b, the author cannot confidently conclude that…(结论得出过早，考虑不周到 )