【汇总贴】SAT写作官方样题考生范文：Why Literature Matters？

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Prompt（提示）：

As you read the passage below, consider how Dana Gioia uses

evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.

stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion,

to add power to the ideas expressed.

Adapted from Dana Gioia, “Why Literature Matters” ©2005 by The New York Times

Company. Originally published April 10, 2005.

[A] strange thing has happened in the American arts during the past quarter

century. While income rose to unforeseen levels, college attendance ballooned,

and access to information increased enormously, the interest young Americans

showed in the arts—and especially literature—actually diminished.

According to the 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, a

population study designed and commissioned by the National Endowment for the

Arts (and executed by the US Bureau of the Census), arts participation by

Americans has declined for eight of the nine major forms that are

measured....The declines have been most severe among younger adults (ages

18–24). The most worrisome finding in the 2002 study, however, is the declining

percentage of Americans, especially young adults, reading literature.

That individuals at a time of crucial intellectual and emotional development

bypass the joys and challenges of literature is a troubling trend. If it were

true that they substituted histories, biographies, or political works for

literature, one might not worry. But book reading of any kind is falling as

well.

That such a longstanding and fundamental cultural activity should slip so

swiftly, especially among young adults, signifies deep transformations in

contemporary life. To call attention to the trend, the Arts Endowment issued the

reading portion of the Survey as a separate report, “Reading at Risk: A Survey

of Literary Reading in America.”

The decline in reading has consequences that go beyond literature. The

significance of reading has become a persistent theme in the business world. The

February issue of Wired magazine, for example, sketches a new set of mental

skills and habits proper to the 21st century, aptitudes decidedly literary in

character: not “linear, logical, analytical talents,” author Daniel Pink states,

but “the ability to create artistic and emotional beauty, to detect patterns and

opportunities, to craft a satisfying narrative.” When asked what kind of talents

they like to see in management positions, business leaders consistently set

imagination, creativity, and higher-order thinking at the top.

Ironically, the value of reading and the intellectual faculties that it

inculcates appear most clearly as active and engaged literacy declines. There is

now a growing awareness of the consequences of nonreading to the workplace. In

2001 the National Association of Manufacturers polled its members on skill

deficiencies among employees. Among hourly workers, poor reading skills ranked

second, and 38 percent of employers complained that local schools inadequately

taught reading comprehension.

The decline of reading is also taking its toll in the civic sphere....A 2003

study of 15- to 26-year-olds’ civic knowledge by the National Conference of

State Legislatures concluded, “Young people do not understand the ideals of

citizenship… and their appreciation and support of American democracy is

limited.”

It is probably no surprise that declining rates of literary reading coincide

with declining levels of historical and political awareness among young people.

One of the surprising findings of “Reading at Risk” was that literary readers

are markedly more civically engaged than nonreaders, scoring two to four times

more likely to perform charity work, visit a museum, or attend a sporting event.

One reason for their higher social and cultural interactions may lie in the kind

of civic and historical knowledge that comes with literary reading....

The evidence of literature’s importance to civic, personal, and economic

health is too strong to ignore. The decline of literary reading foreshadows

serious long-term social and economic problems, and it is time to bring

literature and the other arts into discussions of public policy. Libraries,

schools, and public agencies do noble work, but addressing the reading issue

will require the leadership of politicians and the business community as

well....

Reading is not a timeless, universal capability. Advanced literacy is a

specific intellectual skill and social habit that depends on a great many

educational, cultural, and economic factors. As more Americans lose this

capability, our nation becomes less informed, active, and independent-minded.

These are not the qualities that a free, innovative, or productive society can

afford to lose.

Write an essay in which you explain how Dana Gioia builds an argument to

persuade his audience that the decline of reading in America will have a

negative effect on society. In your essay, analyze how Gioia uses one or more of

the features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own

choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that

your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.

Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Gioia’s claims, but

rather explain how Gioia builds an argument to persuade his audience.