SAT作文素材分享24:Nightingale

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FOR BLOOMING IN WARDS—NIGHTINGALE

In May 1857 a Commission to study the whole question of the army medical

service began to sit. The price was high. Florence Nightingale was doing this

grueling work because it was vital, not because she had chosen it. She had

changed. Now she was more brilliant in argument than ever, more efficient, more

knowledgeable, more persistent and penetrating in her reasoning, scrupulously

just, mathematically accurate—but she was pushing herself to the very limits of

her capacity at the expense of all joy.

That summer of 1857 was a nightmare for Florence—not only was she working day

and night to instruct the politicians sitting on the Commission, she was writing

her own confidential report about her experiences. All this while Parthe and

Mama lay about on sofas, telling each other not to get exhausted arranging

flowers.

It took Florence only six months to complete her own one-thousand-page

Confidential Report, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency and

Hospital Administration of the British Army. It was an incredibly clear,

deeply-considered volume. Every single thing she had learned from t Crimea was

there—every statement she made was backed by hard evidence.

Florence Nightingale was basically arguing for prevention rather than cure.

It was a new idea then and many politicians and army medical men felt it was

revolutionary and positively cranky. They grimly opposed Florence and her

allies.

She was forced to prove that the soldiers were dying because of their basic

living conditions. She had inspected dozens of hospitals and barracks and now

exposed them as damp, filthy and unventilated, with dirty drains and

unventilated, with dirty drains and infected water supplies. She showed that the

soldiers’ diet was poor. She collected statistics which proved that the death

rate for young soldiers in peace time was double that of the normal

population.

She showed that, though the army took only the fittest young men, every year

1,500 were killed by neglect, poor food and disease. She declared “Our soldiers

enlist to death in the barracks”, and this became the battle cry of her

supporters.

The public, too, was on her side. The more the anti-reformers dragged their

feet, the greater the reform pressure became.

Florence did not win an outright victory against her opponents, but many

changes came through. Soon some barracks were rebuilt and within three years the

death rate would halve.

The intense work on the Commission was now over, but Florence was to continue

studying, planning and pressing for army medical reform for the next thirty

years.

People now began to demand that she apply her knowledge to civilian

hospitals, which she found to be “just as bad or worse” than military hospitals.

In 1859 she published a book called Notes on Hospitals. It showed the world why

people feared to be taken into hospitals and how matters could be remedied.

Florence set forth the then revolutionary theory that simply by improving the

construction and physical maintenance, hospital deaths could be greatly reduced.

More windows, better ventilation, improved drainage, less cramped conditions,

and regular scrubbing of the floors, walls and bed frames were basic measures

that every hospital could take.

Florence soon became an expert on the building of hospitals and all over the

world hospitals were established according to her specifications. She wrote

hundreds and hundreds of letters from her sofa in London inquiring about sinks

and saucepans, locks and laundry rooms. No detail was too small for her

considered attention. She worked out ideas for the most efficient way to

distribute clean linen, the best method of keeping food hot, the correct number

of inches between beds. She intended to change the administration of hospitals

from top to toe. Lives depended upon detail.

Florence Nightingale succeeded. All over the world Nightingale-style

hospitals would be built. And Florence would continue to advise on hospital

plans for over forty years. Today’s hospitals with their flowers and bright,

clean and cheerful wards are a direct result of her work.