【官方】SAT阅读每日一题附答案和解析(2018年1月29日)

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Reading

Read the following passage and question(s) and then select the best

answer(s)

This passage is from Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract ;

Discourses. Originally published in 1762.

Line The question "What absolutely is the best government?" is unanswerable

as well as indeterminate; or rather, there are as many good answers as there are

possible combinations in the absolute and relative situations of all nations.The

question "What absolutely is the best government?" is unanswerable as well as

indeterminate; or rather, there are as many good answers as there are possible

combinations in the absolute and relative situations of all nations.

But if it is asked by what sign we may know that a given people is well or

ill governed, that is another matter, and the question, being one of fact,

admits of an answer.

It is not, however, answered, because every-one wants to answer it in his own

way. Subjects extol public tranquility, citizens individual liberty; the one

class prefers security of possessions, the other that of person; the one regards

as the best government that which is most severe, the other maintains that the

mildest is the best; the one wants crimes punished, the other wants them

prevented; the one wants the State to be feared by its neighbours, the other

prefers that it should be ignored; the one is content if money circulates, the

other demands that the people shall have bread. Even if an agreement were come

to on these and similar points, should we have got any further? As moral

qualities do not admit of exact measurement, agreement about the mark does not

mean agreement about the valuation.

For my part, I am continually astonished that a mark so simple is not

recognised, or that men are of so bad faith as not to admit it. What is the end

of political association? The preservation and prosperity of its members. And

what is the surest mark of their preservation and prosperity? Their numbers and

population. Seek then nowhere else this mark that is in dispute. The rest being

equal, the government under which, without external aids, without naturalisation

or colonies, the citizens increase and multiply most, is beyond question the

best. The government under which a people wanes and diminishes is worst.

Calculators, it is left for you to count, to measure, to compare.

Select an Answer

Which of the following would be most similar to a well-governed nation,

according to Rousseau's criteria?

Answer

A

A business in which the employees are allowed to work independently

Answer

B

A summer camp that has more children in attendance each year

Answer

C

A sports team whose players think their coach is strict but fair

Answer

D

A club that maintains a large and steady number of members

答案及解析：B

EXPLANATION

Choice A is incorrect. According to Rousseau, a well-governed nation is one

in which "the citizens increase and multiply most." A business in which the

employees are allowed to work independently would be similar to a nation in

which the citizens have great personal liberty, not one in which the population

is growing.

Correct

Answer

B

EXPLANATION

Choice B is the best answer. According to Rousseau, a well-governed nation is

one in which "the citizens increase and multiply most." A summer camp with a

continually increasing number of children in attendance is closest to Rousseau's

model for a successful government.

C

EXPLANATION

Choice C is incorrect. According to Rousseau, a well-governed nation is one

in which "the citizens increase and multiply most." A sports team whose players

think the coach is strict but fair would be similar to a nation in which the

citizens respect their leader, not one in which the population is growing.

D

EXPLANATION

Choice D is incorrect. According to Rousseau, a well-governed nation is one

in which "the citizens increase and multiply most." A club that maintains a

large and steady membership would have a stable population rather than the

population growth Rousseau sees as the indication of a good government.

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