5月5日SAT阅读考试英文原文内容分享 5篇统统都有

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为大家带来5月5日SAT阅读考试的5篇Passage的原文分享，有作家NicolaiGogol的“The Mysterious

Portrait”的节选。历史双篇分别是1865年4月Frederich Douglass的演讲“What the Black Man

Wants”;Passge 2节选于1865年6月Richard H. Dana Jr.的演讲 “To Consider the Subject of

Re-organization of the RebelStates.”主题都是关于对待黑人的政策。全文较长。

SAT阅读真题原文1之文学类

第一篇“The Mysterious Portrait”的节选，作者NicolaiGogol。

讲了一个艺术家内心的价值观冲突，一方面他的教授劝告他不要浮躁要专心于艺术创作不要浪费他的天赋;

另一方面他自己面临的现实是如果高雅艺术根本赚不到什么钱，生活无法负担，只能去做一些迎合买家的作品。

Passage 1: The MysteriousPortrait, Literature

Young Chartkov was an artist with a talent that promised much: in flashes and

moments his brush bespoke power of observation, understanding, a strong impulse

to get closer to nature.

"Watch out, brother," his professor had told him more than once, "you have

talent; it would be a sin to ruin it. But you're impatient. Some one thing

entices you, some one thing takes your fancy—and you occupy yourself with it,

and the rest can rot, you don't care about it, you don't even want to look at

it. Watch out you don't turn into a fashionable painter. Even now your colors

are beginning to cry a bit too loudly. Your drawing is imprecise, and sometimes

quite weak, the line doesn't show; you go for fashionable lighting, which

strikes the eye at once. Watch out or you'll fall right into the English type.

Beware. You already feel drawn to the world: every so often I see a showy scarf

on your neck, a glossy hat. . . It's enticing, you can start painting

fashionable pictures, little portraits for money. But that doesn't develop

talent, it ruins it. Be patient.Ponder over every work, drop showiness—let the

others make money. You won't come out the loser."

The professor was partly right. Sometimes, indeed, our artist liked to

carouse or play the dandy—in short, to show off his youth here and there. Yet,

for all that, he was able to keep himself under control. At times he was able to

forget everything and take up his brush, and had to tear himself away again as

if from a beautiful, interrupted dream. His taste was developing noticeably. He

still did not understand all the depth of Raphael, but was already carried away

by the quick, broad stroke of Guido, paused before Titian's portraits, admired

the Flemish school. 6 The dark surface obscuring the old paintings had not

yet

been entirely removed for him; yet he already perceived something in them,

though inwardly he did not agree with his professor that the old masters

surpassed us beyond reach; it even seemed to him that the nineteenth century was

significantly ahead of them in certain things, that the imitation of nature as

it was done now had become somehow brighter, livelier, closer; in short, he

thought in this case as a young man thinks who already understands something and

feels it in his proud inner consciousness. At times he became vexed when he saw

how some foreign painter, a Frenchman or a German, sometimes not even a painter

by vocation, with nothing but an accustomed hand, a quick brush, and bright

colors, would produce a general stir and instantly amass a fortune. This would

come to his mind not when, all immersed in his work, he forgot drinking and

eating and the whole world, but when he would finally come hard up against

necessity, when he had no money to buy brushes and paints, when the importunate

landlord came ten times a day to demand the rent. Then his hungry imagination

enviously pictured the lot of the rich painter; then a thought glimmered that

often passes through a Russian head: to drop everything and go on a spree out of

grief and to spite it all. And now he was almost in such a situation.

“Yes! be patient, be patient!" he said with vexation. "But patience finally

runs out. Be patient! And on what money will I have dinner tomorrow? No one will

lend to me. And if I were to go and sell all my paintings and drawings, I'd get

twenty kopecks for the lot. They've been useful, of course, I feel that: it was

not in vain that each of them was undertaken, in each of them I learned

something. But what's the use? Sketches, attempts—and there will constantly be

sketches, attempts, and no end to them. And who will buy them, if they don't

know my name? And who needs drawings from the antique, or from life class, or my

unfinished Love of Psyche, or a perspective of my room, or the portrait of my

Nikita, though it's really better than the portraits of some fashionable

painter? What is it all, in fact? Why do I suffer and toil over the ABC's like a

student, when I could shine no worse than the others and have money as they

do?”

SAT阅读真题原文2之社科类

选于Remember That? No YouDon’t.Study Shows FalseMemories Afflict Us All，作者Tara

Thean

文章大意：现象解释性文章，第一段首先列出了一个现象：false

memories是一种普遍存在的现象，即便那些记忆力超强，对经历的事情无论是时间地点还是其他具体细节都记得清清楚楚的人都会受到这种记忆误区的影响。加州大学的教授们据此展开了一系列研究，结果是so-called

lures — words that would make subjects think of other,related ones是主要原因。

Passage 2: False Memory, Social Science

RememberThat? No, You Don’t. Study Shows False Memories Afflict Us All

Even people with extraordinary memories sometimes make things up without

realizing it.

It’s easy enough to explain why we rememberthings: multiple regions of the

brain — particularlythe hippocampus — are devoted to the job. It’s easy to

understand why we forgetstuff too: there’s only so much any busy brain can

handle. What’s trickier iswhat happens in between: when we clearly remember

things that simply neverhappened.

The phenomenon of false memories iscommon to everybody — the party you’re

certain you attended in high school,say, when you were actually home with the

flu, but so many people have told youabout it over the years that it’s made its

way into your own memory cache.False memories can sometimes be a mere curiosity,

but other times they havereal implications. Innocent people have gone to jail

when well-intentionedeyewitnesses testify to events that actually unfolded an

entirely differentway.

What’s long been a puzzle to memoryscientists is whether some people may be

more susceptible to false memoriesthan others — and, by extension, whether some

people with exceptionally goodmemories may be immune to them. A new study in the

Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences answersboth questions with a

decisive no. False memories afflict everyone — evenpeople with the best memories

of all.

To conduct the study, a team led bypsychologist Lawrence Patihis of the

University of California, Irvine, recruited a sample group of people all

ofapproximately the same age and divided them into two subgroups: those

withordinary memory and those with what is known as highly

superiorautobiographical memory (HSAM). You’ve met people like that before, and

theycan be downright eerie. They’re the ones who can tell you the exact date

onwhich particular events happened — whether in their own lives or in the news —

aswell as all manner of minute additional details surrounding the event that

mostpeople would forget the second they happened.

To screen for HSAM, the researchershad all the subjects take a quiz that

asked such questions as “[On what date]did an Iraqi journalist hurl two shoes at

President Bush?” or “What publicevent occurred on Oct. 11, 2002?” Those who

excelled on that part of thescreening would move to a second stage, in which

they were given random,computer-generated dates and asked to say the day of the

week on which it fell,and to recall both a personal experience that occurred

that day and a publicevent that could be verified with a search engine.

“It was a Monday,” said one personasked about Oct. 19, 1987. “That was the

day of the big stock-market crash andthe cellist Jacqueline du Pré died that

day.” That’s somepretty specific recall. Ultimately, 20 subjects qualified for

the HSAM groupand another 38 went into the ordinary-memory category. Both groups

werethen tested for their ability to resist developing false memories during

aseries of exercises designed to implant them.

In one, for example, theinvestigators spoke with the subjects about the Sept.

11 terrorist attacks andmentioned in passing the footage that had been captured

of United Flight 93crashing in Pennsylvania — footage, of course, that does not

exist. In bothgroups — HSAM subjects and those with normal memories — about 1 in

5 people “remembered”seeing this footage when asked about it later.

“It just seemed like something wasfalling out of the sky,” said one of the

HSAM participants. “I was just, youknow, kind of stunned by watching it, you

know, go down.”

Word recall was also hazy. Thescientists showed participants word lists, then

removed the lists and testedthe subjects on words that had and hadn’t been

included. The lists allcontained so-called lures — words that would make

subjects think of other,related ones. The words pillow, duvet and nap, for

example, might lead to a false memory of seeing the word sleep. All of the

participants in both groups fell for the lures,with at least eight such errors

per person—though some tallied as many as 20.Both groups also performed

unreliably when shown photographs and fed luresintended to make them think

they’d seen details in the pictures they hadn’t.Here too, the HSAM subjects

cooked up as many fake images as the ordinaryfolks.

“What I love about the study is howit communicates something that

memory-distortion researchers have suspected forsome time, that perhaps no one

is immune to memory distortion,” said Patihis.

What the study doesn’t do, Patihisadmits, is explain why HSAM people exist at

all. Their prodigious recall is amatter of scientific fact, and one of the goals

of the new work was to see ifan innate resistance to manufactured memories might

be one of the reasons. Buton that score, the researchers came up empty.

“It rules something out,” Patihissaid. “[HSAM individuals] probably

reconstruct memories in the same way thatordinary people do. So now we have to

think about how else we could explain it.”He and others will continue to look

for that secret sauce that elevatessuperior recall over the ordinary kind. But

for now, memory still appears to befragile, malleable and prone to errors — for

all of us.

SAT阅读真题原文3之自然科学类

broad bean是否会通过fungal hyphae 来传达信息从而吸引wasp而抵制另一种危害性的虫子叫a什么鬼。通过做实验证明了这一结论。

Passage 3: Beans Talk, Natural Science

THE idea that plants have developed a subterranean internet, which they use

to raise the alarm when danger threatens, sounds more like the science-fiction

of James Cameron’s film “Avatar” than any sort of science fact. But fact it

seems to be, if work by David Johnson of the University of Aberdeen is anything

to go by. For Dr Johnson believes he has shown that just such an internet, with

fungal hyphae standing in for local Wi-Fi, alerts beanstalks to danger if one of

their neighbors is attacked by aphids.

Dr Johnson knew from his own past work that when broad-bean plants are

attacked by aphids they respond with volatile chemicals that both irritate the

parasites and attract aphid-hunting wasps. He did not know, though, whether the

message could spread, tomato-like, from plant to plant. So he set out to find

out—and to do so in a way which would show if fungi were the messengers.

As they report in Ecology Letters, he and his colleagues set up eight

“mesocosms”, each containing five beanstalks. The plants were allowed to grow

for four months, and during this time every plant could interact with symbiotic

fungi in the soil.

Not all of the beanstalks, though, had the same relationship with the fungi.

In each mesocosm, one plant was surrounded by a mesh penetrated by holes half a

micron across. Gaps that size are too small for either roots or hyphae to

penetrate, but they do permit the passage of water and dissolved chemicals. Two

plants were surrounded with a 40-micron mesh. This can be penetrated by hyphae

but not by roots. The two remaining plants, one of which was at the center of

the array, were left to grow unimpeded.

Five weeks after the experiment began, all the plants were covered by bags

that allowed carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor in and out, but stopped the

passage of larger molecules, of the sort a beanstalk might use for signaling.

Then, four days from the end, one of the 40-micron meshes in each mesocosm was

rotated to sever any hyphae that had penetrated it, and the central plant was

then infested with aphids.

At the end of the experiment Dr Johnson and his team collected the air inside

the bags, extracted any volatile chemicals in it by absorbing them into a

special porous polymer, and tested those chemicals on both aphids (using the

winged, rather than the wingless morphs) and wasps. Each insect was placed for

five minutes in an apparatus that had two chambers, one of which contained a

sample of the volatiles and the other an odorless control.

The researchers found, as they expected from their previous work, that when

the volatiles came from an infested plant, wasps spent an average of 3½ minutes

in the chamber containing them and 1½ in the other chamber. Aphids, conversely,

spent 1¾ minutes in the volatiles’ chamber and 3¼ in the control. In other

words, the volatiles from an infested plant attract wasps and repel aphids.

Crucially, the team got the same result in the case of uninfected plants that

had been in uninterrupted hyphae contact with the infested one, but had had root

contact blocked. If both hyphae and roots had been blocked throughout the

experiment, though, the volatiles from uninfected plants actually attracted

aphids (they spent 3½ minutes in the volatiles’ chamber), while the wasps were

indifferent. The same pertained for the odor of uninfected plants whose hyphae

connections had been allowed to develop, and then severed by the rotation of the

mesh.

Broad beans, then, really do seem to be using their fungal symbionts as a

communications network, warning their neighbors to take evasive action. Such a

general response no doubt helps the plant first attacked by attracting yet more

wasps to the area, and it helps the fungal messengers by preserving their

leguminous hosts.

SAT阅读真题原文4之历史类双篇

Passage 1节选自1865年4月Frederich Douglass的演讲“What the Black Man Wants”;Passge

2节选于1865年6月Richard H. Dana Jr.的演讲 “To Consider the Subject of Re-organization of

the RebelStates.”

两篇文章就黑人的社会地位问题展开，重点在黑人的法律地位并不等同于真正的社会地位。对黑人的歧视依然存在。作者1说到Banks Labor

Policy对于黑人职业的限制，并没有真正的解放黑人，黑人需要利用内战之后和解放奴隶宣言之后的这个政治机会，继续努力争取真正的解放和完全的平等和自由。作者2认为解放黑奴不能只存留在纸面的法规政策上，而是要有切实行动。先对比了古代奴隶制度和美国奴隶制度的不同，然后说到解放奴隶宣言宣布之后黑人的状况，依然没有各方面的政治权利，然后呼吁改变。

文章原文：

I do not know, from what has been said, that there is anydifference of

opinionas to the duty of abolitionists, at the present moment.How can we get up

anydifference at this point, or any point, where we are sounited, so agreed?

Iwent especially, however, with that word of Mr. Phillips,which is thecriticism

of Gen. Banks and Gen. Banks' policy. I hold that tha官方真题Officiallicy is ourchief danger

at the present moment; that it practically enslavesthe Negro, andmakes the

Proclamation of 1863 a mockery and delusion. What isfreedom? It isthe right to

choose one's own employment. Certainly it meansthat, if it meansanything; and

when any individual or combination ofindividuals undertakes todecide for any man

when he shall work, where he shallwork, at what he shallwork, and for what he

shall work, he or they practicallyreduce him to slavery.[Applause.] He is a

slave. That I understand Gen. Banksto do—to determine forthe so-called freedman,

when, and where, and at what, andfor how much he shallwork, when he shall be

punished, and by whom punished. Itis absolute slavery.It defeats the beneficent

intention of the Government, ifit has beneficentintentions, in regards to the

freedom of our people.

I have had but one idea for the last threeyears to presentto the American

people, and the phraseology in which I clotheit is the oldabolition phraseology.

I am for the "immediate,unconditional, anduniversal" enfranchisement of the

black man, in everyState in the Union.[Loud applause.] Without this, his liberty

is a mockery;without this, you mightas well almost retain the old name of

slavery for hiscondition; for in fact, ifhe is not the slave of the individual

master, he isthe slave of society, andholds his liberty as a privilege, not as a

right. Heis at the mercy of the mob,and has no means of protecting himself.

SAT阅读真题原文5之自然科学类

鸟的前额颜色具有什么功能。黑色没有红色有进攻性，然后红色不愿意take risk,这是生物进化的结果。并且，大胆和冒险一定共存。

Passage 5: Gouldian finches’ head colour reflects their personality, Natural

Science

What this suggests is that behavioural characteristics, such as aggression

and other traits, may be correlated with particular head colour morphs meaning

that head colour is indicative of different personality types. This idea has

been tested in a new paper by Leah Williams and her colleagues.

In order to determine if head colour really does indicate personality traits

in Gouldian finches Williams and her colleagues tested a number of predictions.

First they looked at pairs of black-headed birds which were expected to show

less aggression towards each other than pairs of red-headed birds, this makes

sense since red-headed birds had previously been found to exhibit higher levels

of aggression.

The second prediction was that red-headed birds should be bolder, more

explorative and take more risks than black-headed birds. This hypothesis is

based on previous studies of other species that have shown a correlation between

aggression and these behavioural characteristics. However, there is another

possibility, red-headed birds could take fewer risks for two reasons; first,

they may be more conspicuous to predators due to their bright colouration and

second, it may pay black headed birds to take more risks and be more explorative

so they find food resources before the dominant red-headed birds do.

In order to test the first prediction paired birds of matching head colour

were moved into an experimental cage without food. After one hour of food

deprivation a feeder was placed into the corner of the cage where there was only

enough room for one bird to feed at a time. aggressive interactions such as

threat displays and displacements were then counted over a 30 minute period.

The results as shown in the figure below were striking. Red-headed birds were

significantly and consistently more aggressive than black-headed birds.

To test the birds willingness to take risks they were deprived of food for

one hour before their feeder was replaced. After the birds had calmly begun to

feed a silhouette of an avian predator was moved up and down in front of the

cage to scare the birds from the feeder. The time it took for them to return to

the feeder was taken as a measure of their willingness to take risks, birds that

returned quickly were considered to be greater risk takers than those that were

more cautious.

This time the results were surprising. Red-headed birds were considerably

more cautious than those with black heads at returning to the feeder after a

“predator” had been introduced. As the figure below shows they took on average

4x longer to begin feeding again than the less aggressive black-headed

birds.

Finally, the authors investigated the birds interest in novel objects or

“object neophilia” which is defined in the paper as “exploration in which

investigation is elicited by an object’s novelty“. To do this a bunch of threads

was placed on a perch within the cage, the time taken for the birds to approach

the threads within one body length and to touch them were recorded over a one

hour period. In line with the results from the risk taking experiment it was

found that the aggressive red-headed birds showed less interest in novel objects

than did black-headed birds. The difference is not so striking as the previous

experiments but was statistically significant nonetheless.

These experiments were repeated after a two month interval and showed that

different birds differed in their responses but the responses of individual

birds were consistent over time. Head colour was found to predict the

behavioural responses of the birds. Red-headed birds were more aggressive than

black-headed birds but took fewer risks and were not explorative.

What is surprising about these results is that aggression does not correlate

with risk taking behaviour, however, the authors do provide a convincing

explanation, suggesting that…

Interestingly boldness and risk taking behaviours were found to be strongly

correlated, regardless of head colour they always occurred together forming a

“behavioural syndrome”. This implies that there is selection in favour of

specific combinations of traits and of head colour in relation to those traits.

Selection favours aggression in red-headed birds and the boldness/risk taking

behavioural syndrome in black-headed birds. This makes sense when you consider

the high risk of predation faced by red-headed birds if they take too many risks

and the need for black-headed birds to find food away from the dominant red

heads which occupy the safest foraging locations.

Williams and her colleagues suggest that if red-headed birds are aggressive,

and black-headed birds take more risks, this could lead to differences in

foraging tactics. For example, black headed birds could increase their foraging

opportunities by feeding at more risky sites away from interference by the

dominant red-headed birds which feed in safer locations. The lower

conspicuousness of their black heads means they are at less risk of predation at

exposed sites that red-headed birds would be.

The results of this fascinating study strongly support the hypothesis that

head colour does indeed signal personality in Gouldian finches. I would love to

see some more research in this area. The authors themselves suggest that more

research is needed to find out what roles head colours play in social

situations. It would also be interesting to find out how widespread this

phenomenon is, given that birds frequently use plumage colouration as signals it

seems likely to me that colour may indicate personality in other avian

species.

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