考情回顾|3月亚太SAT写作题部分详细分析

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SAT Essay March 10, 2018 HK

As you read the passage below, consider how Mohamed Ibrahim uses

- evidence, such as factors or examples, to support claims.

- reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.

- stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to

emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.

Adapted from Mohamed Ibrahim, “Looting Egypt’s heritage”, by the Washington

Post. Oct. 18, 2013

1 Egypt’s future lies in its history, particularly its archaeological

history. For hundreds of years the mystery and wonders of the pyramids, the

sphinx and the Valley of the Kings have attracted visitors from around the

world. Tourism is the lifeblood of Egypt’s economy and touches the lives of most

Egyptians, whether they work as tour guides, restaurant owners, craftsmen or bus

operators. Egypt’s history holds the prosperity of the country’s future

generations, including that of youths — more than 40 million Egyptians are age

30 or younger — who are seeking opportunities.

2 But thieves are raiding our archaeological sites and selling their findings

to the highest bidders. They are taking advantage of Egypt’s security situation

to loot our nation’s economic future and steal from our children.

3 Egyptians need the people and the government of the United States to

support our efforts to combat the systematic and organized looting of our

museums and archaeological sites. Imagine a world in which the stories of King

Tut, Cleopatra, Ramesses and others were absent from the collective

consciousness. And with much of our history still waiting to be discovered under

the sand, the potential losses are staggering. Antiquities theft is one of the

world’s top crimes — after the trafficking of weapons, narcotics and people —

but it is seldom addressed.

4 Egyptian antiquities are flooding international markets. Recent auctions at

Christie’s in London and New York included several items from Egypt.

Fortunately, when contacted, Christie’s in London withdrew a number of items

that had been stolen from the tomb of King Amenhotep III, discovered in 2000 in

Luxor. Among the items was a steatite bust of an official dating from 1793 to

1976 B.C.

5 Although arrests were made in this case, and two auction houses in

Jerusalem canceled the sale of 126 antiquities after being contacted by Egyptian

officials, the tide unfortunately flows in the other direction. After being

contacted by the Egyptian foreign ministry, other auction houses have been

unwilling to cooperate with requests to delay or cancel sales of items that

experts assess have been stolen. Among those who make their money selling

antiquities, cooperation with the Egyptian government has been mixed at

best.

6 Looting is a centuries-old business and a crime that Egyptians will no

doubt be fighting for years, especially during difficult economic times. Our

country is willing to take a strong stand. No one can forget the stark images of

Egyptians — men and women, Muslims and Christians, young and old — creating a

human shield to protect the Egyptian Museum in Cairo during the 2011 revolution.

Still, thieves succeeded in stealing several items from its collection. Despite

our government’s best efforts to retrieve those artifacts, more than 50 items,

including some from the famous King Tut tomb, remain missing.

7 In the Aug. 14 attack on the Malawi National Museum, in Minya, more than

1,000 items were taken: statues more than 3,500 years old; jewelry from the time

of the ancient Pharaohs; Greco-Roman gold coins. When security forces tried to

stop them, the thieves burned some items they could not take, including

mummies.

8 Every day, Egyptians risk their lives to prevent organized gangs from

stealing our heritage. Our country is not the only place under attack: Iraq,

Syria, Libya, Peru and Guatemala are suffering similar assaults on their

heritage. Halting these crimes on our civilization will require a coordinated

global effort — from both the “producers” and the “consumers.”

9 It is our common duty, in Egypt and around the world, to defend our shared

heritage. International institutions, governments, business, archaeologists and

other experts must come together to explore how to help countries in need

protect their treasures. The efforts of groups such as the International

Coalition to Protect Egyptian Antiquities are appreciated — but much more aid is

necessary. The youths of Egypt deserve more. There is no time to waste.

Write an essay in which you explain how Mohamed Ibrahim builds an argument to

persuade his audience that people should do more to protect the Egyptian ancient

artifacts. In your essay, analyze how Ibrahim uses one or more of the features

listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic

and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the

most relevant features of the passage. Your essay should not explain whether you

agree with Gillis's claims, but rather explain how Gillis builds an argument to

persuade his audience.

文章段意总结

P 1: 埃及的历史和文物对于其未来的发展很重要，因为这些资源对于该国发展旅游业，带动其经济发展至关重要。

P2: 文物偷盗者在掠夺埃及的文物，扼杀其经济发展和年轻人的未来。

P3: 如果这种偷盗文物的行为再继续下去，很多我们熟悉的文物将消失。这种文物偷盗行为是很恶劣的，如同贩卖武器，毒品和人口一样。

P4: 埃及的文物在国际市场上随处可见。

P5: 虽然遭到埃及政府的限制，很多国际拍卖行仍然不愿意停止他们对于埃及文物的拍卖行为。

P6: 埃及政府正在努力打击掳掠文物的行为，但是还是有不少偷盗者偷走了一些文物。

P7: 在2013年8月的一次针对Malawi国家博物馆的袭击中，很多文物被人抢走，有一些被烧毁。

P8: 很多国家和埃及一样在遭受文物偷盗者的伤害。制止这种行为需要国际社会合作。

P9: 保护埃及文物是埃及和全世界的职责，现在我们做得还远远不够，我们需要做得更多，且时间也很紧迫。

分析思路

本次亚洲考题在写作部分总体难度并不算高，从阅读体验感来看，用词和句子都相对简单，段意清晰;从各个论证要素的定位来看，对于论据和修辞并不难，而对于论证逻辑部分，可能会成为很多同学的死穴。从文章结构来看，它并没有脱离考试方曾经出过的题目所包含的范畴，问题的描述，事务的意义，问题的解决策略等常见的要素都有出现，但是在这些要素的组合，出现的顺序以及所占篇幅的权重上，此文有别于以往出现的OG练习题和历届真考题。如果学生能力较强，在分析论证逻辑方面较为老道的话，应该也还是有可能得到高分的。从这次写作题目的设计特点来看，命题者在继续做一件事情，即强化论证逻辑分析的难度，并通过考生在这个方面分析的能力差距来拉大其得分的差距。为了保证这方面的能力差距得到体现，命题者也在对题目的设计时进行了明显的调整，不让题目在逻辑结构上与往届的考题完全一致。这些从题目倒推得出的考试信号也是值得我们关注的。

论证逻辑

作者在开篇通过一个强烈的contrast让读者意识到文物保护的重要性。他不仅明确指出了文物对于埃及经济发展的重要性，因为基于文物和历史的旅游业是“the

lifeblood of Egypt’s economy”，而且他也暗示了其对于全世界人民的意义，因为我们无法失去承受这样的损失--“a world in

which the stories of King Tut, Cleopatra, Ramesses and others were absent from

the collective consciousness.”这些意义与他在第二段中提到的埃及文物遭到抢掠的事实(thieves are raiding our

archaeological sites and selling their findings to the highest

bidders)形成鲜明的对比，让读者得到应该支持保护埃及文物。

紧接着，为了增强其说服力，作者分成了两个方面来向读者展示问题的严重性。他先在P4-5证明了对于非法获取的文物的买卖很猖獗(Egyptian

antiquities are flooding international markets.)，然后再在P6-7证明掳掠文物的行为很严重(In the

Aug. 14 attack on the Malawi National Museum, in Minya, more than 1,000 items

were taken)，这样做的好处不仅是强调了问题的严重性，且让人们知道了问题解决的方向，所以，在文章的最后，当作者提出这个问题的解决需要从“both the

“producers” and the “consumers”两个方面来进行时，读者被彻底说服了。

需要注意的是，这篇文章虽然符合曾经出现的考试文章所具备的一些特征，包括陈述了现状，讨论了问题的意义，给出了解决策略，但是在作者在针对这些要素的组合和出现的顺序方面跟以往的文章是存在一定区别的，如果学生没有真正地深刻理解文章的线索，在分析论证逻辑方面上应该会容易陷入泛泛而谈的套路，甚至是出现错误，导致失分。

论据

此文的论据出现得较为密集，且也比较容易定位。

P 4-5的论据通过给出事例的方式来证明在国际市场上有很多非法的拍卖埃及文物的活动，这也是导致文物被强的原因之一—因为存在需求。

P6-7的论据也是给出了事例，证明非法抢夺文物的活动很猖獗。二处论据都是通过真实的事实来说服读者，让他们知道埃及文物面临的危机，从而得出文物需要得到保护的结论。

修辞

Word choice:

P3中提到trafficking of weapons, narcotics and people，把“Antiquities

theft”的行为跟这种所有人都反感的top crime放在一起进行对比，激起了民众对于这种行为的憎恨。

P2中提到了“steal from our

children”，更容易激起读者的同情心，因为孩子遭受的苦难和损失往往更容易触动读者，这对于读者产生对偷到文物的行为的反感也有帮助。

Appeals to emotion:

P1和P3都罗列一些公众耳熟能详的埃及文物，“mystery and wonders of the pyramids, the sphinx and

the Valley of the Kings”，“the stories of King Tut, Cleopatra,

Ramesses”。这些景观和抑制对让读者回忆起自己感受过的壮观景象，对他们肯定文物的价值，加强保护的意识也有作用。

P8“Our country is not the only place under attack: Iraq, Syria, Libya, Peru

and Guatemala are suffering similar assaults on their

heritage.”作者提到其他国家面临的类似问题，把问题的意义上升到国际社会的层面，对读者意识到解决问题的意义也是有触动的。

P9“There is no time to waste”激起了人们对于这个解决问题的紧迫感(sense of urgency)

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