SAT写作素材之Normative social influence

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SAT考试作文素材分享:Normative social influence

Normative social influence occurs when one conforms to be liked or accepted

by the members of the group. It usually results in public compliance, doing or

saying something without believing in it. There are various motives behind this,

including personal survival strategy in a community.

Solomon E. Asch was the first psychologist to study this phenomenon in the

laboratory. He conducted a modification of Sherif’s study, assuming that when

the situation was very clear, conformity would be drastically reduced. He

exposed people in a group to a series of lines, and the participants were asked

to match one line with a standard line. All participants except one were

secretly told to give the wrong answer in 12 of the 18 trials. The results

showed a surprisingly high degree of conformity. 76% of the participants

conformed on at least one trial. On average people conformed one third of the

time.[6] However, in a reinterpretation of the original data from these

experiments Hodges and Geyer (2006)[7] found that Asch's subjects were not so

conformist after all:

The experiments provide powerful evidence for people's tendency to tell the

truth even when others do not. They also provide compelling evidence of people's

concern for others and their views.[8]:2

By closely examining the situation in which Asch's subjects find themselves

they find that the situation places multiple demands on participants: They

include truth (i.e., expressing one's own view accurately), trust (i.e., taking

seriously the value of others' claims), and social solidarity (i.e., a

commitment to integrate the views of self and others without deprecating

either). In addition to these epistemic values, there are multiple moral claims

as well: These include the need for participants to care for the integrity and

well-being of other participants, the experimenter, themselves, and the worth of

scientific research.[8]:5