SAT写作素材之Socrates

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下面是一篇关于苏格拉底的SAT写作素材，对于苏格拉底的生平进行了详细的介绍。SAT写作素材是大家在SAT写作部分用到的最多的一个可以自己准备的材料，所以多积累一些常用的SAT写作素材是非常必要而且实用的。

Key words: Greek philosopher

Socrates

Socrates (469-399bc), Greek philosopher, profoundly affected Western

philosophy through his influence on Plato. Born in Athens, the son of

Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and Phaenarete, a midwife, he received the regular

elementary education in literature, music, and gymnastics. Later he familiarized

himself with the rhetoric and dialectics of the Sophists, the speculations of

the Ionian philosophers, and the general culture of Periclean Athens. Initially,

Socrates followed the craft of his father; according to a former tradition, he

executed a statue group of the three Graces, which stood at the entrance to the

Acropolis until the 2nd century ad.

In the Peloponnesian War with Sparta he served as an infantryman with

conspicuous bravery at the battles of Potidaea in 432-430 bc, Delium in 424 bc,

and Amphipolis in 422 bc. Socrates believed in the superiority of argument over

writing and therefore spent the greater part of his mature life in the

marketplace and public places of Athens, engaging in dialogue and argument with

anyone who would listen or who would submit to interrogation.

Socrates was reportedly unattractive in appearance and short of stature but

was also extremely hardy and self-controlled. He enjoyed life immensely and

achieved social popularity because of his ready wit and a keen sense of humor

that was completely devoid of satire or cynicism.

Socrates' contribution to philosophy was essentially ethical in character.

Belief in a purely objective understanding of such concepts as justice, love,

and virtue, and the self-knowledge that he inculcated, were the basis of his

teachings. He believed that all vice is the result of ignorance, and that no

person is willingly bad; correspondingly, virtue is knowledge, and those who

know the right will act rightly.

His logic placed particular emphasis on rational argument and the quest for

general definitions, as evidenced in the writings of his younger contemporary

and pupil, Plato, and of Plato's pupil, Aristotle. Through the writings of these

philosophers, Socrates profoundly affected the entire subsequent course of

Western speculative thought.