如何进行数据分析？浅析新SAT写作阅读文本数据分析技巧

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在大数据时代，科学数据己经成为最基本、最活跃、影响面最宽的资源。同时，数据引用即是学术写作中常用的一种行为方法，也是新SAT写作阅读文本的重要组成部分和典型特征之一。

在新SAT写作的阅读文本中，数据的引用常涉及一下几点要素：author/creator (创建者/责任者)、title (标题)、publication year (发布年份)、Reliable Sources(证据来源): authorities (权威机构)、publication(出版物)、academic researches(学术研究)、surveys(调查)、polls (投票)等。

下面我们以“Foreign News at a Crisis Point”一文的前三段为例：

Adapted from Peter S. Goodman, “Foreign News at a Crisis Point” ©2013 by

ThehuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Originally published September 25, 2013. Peter

Goodman is the executive business and global news editor at

The HuffingtonPost.com.

Back in 2003, American Journalism Review produced a census of foreign

correspondents then employed by newspapers based in the United States, and found

307 full-time people. When AJR repeated the exercise in the summer of 2011, the

count had dropped to 234. And even that number was significantly inflated by the

inclusion of contract writers who had replaced full-time staffers.

In the intervening eight years, 20 American news organizations had entirely

eliminated their foreign bureaus.

The same AJR survey zeroed in on a representative sampling of American

papers from across the country and found that the space devoted to foreign news

had shrunk by 53 percent over the previous quarter-century.

在阅读完前三段，我们会发现这三段使用了一个共同的evidence (证据形式)，即statistics (数据):

数据1

时间

Back in 2003

发布机构

American Journalism Review

调查对象

Foreign correspondents employed by newspapers based in

the United States

数据

207 full-time people

趋势

The count had dropped to 234 in the summer of

2011

数据2

时间

In the intervening eight years

数据

20 American news organizations

数据3

数据

The space devoted to foreign news had shrunk by 53

percent over the previous

quarter-century.

我们可以在文本旁边的空白处做好标注，方便后面的写作(标注该元素具体是什么，以及简单标注其作用。)

1) Goodman cites two surveys eight years apart that immediately highlight

the decline in the news media’s attention to foreign news.

2)A further statistic highlights the number of news organizations that

dispensed entirely with overseas staff.

3)More figures show how US newspapers have pared back the space devoted to

foreign news by more than half.

在做好相关批注后，我们可以将三个相同的分析元素statistics放在一段进行合并分析。段落的开始我们首先要呈现一个有效的分论点(陈述这一段主要分析的元素是什么?它的主要作用是什么?)。如：

分论点：Goodman begins the article by citing a group of statistics by the AJR

reflecting the current status of foreign news coverage provided to the people in

the United States.(划线部分同学们可以作为句型去进行仿写，下同。)

在写完分论点后，我们需要呈现出具体的支撑性细节，可以运用改写总结引用等方式指出作者在阅读文本中使用的内容，这一部分的写作将直接与reading部分的评分相关。如：

识别+内容 (指明具体数字、引用权威数据、呈现事实依据)： He reveals to the readers that only 234 full

time reporters, including inflation, are employed for the foreign news coverage,

20 news organizations no longer have a foreign news department started in the

past eight years, and that more than half of the news publications in the U.S.

reduced foreign news coverage in the past fifteen years.

最后，我们需要对其内容进行分析，并详细指出它们在引出下文、增强说服力、支撑观点等方面的作用，这一部分的写作将直接与analysis部分的评分相关。如：

By citing the group of shocking statistics, Goodman uses the most direct

way to evoke the readers to realize the significance of the rapidly declining

professional foreign news coverage, that is, the general public is receiving

insufficient international news from legitimate sources. This is a strong and

effective way to build the foundation for his argument.

到这里，一个完整的数据分析段落就完成了。数据是一种重要的evidence,

也是一种巧妙的写作手法。运用得好，尤其是用对地方可以充分发挥数据在支撑论点和增加支撑强度等方面的作用。我们在进行新SAT写作的时候，如果发现给出的阅读文本中有使用数据，可以在识别的基础上展现数据的内容并且分析作者为什么使用数据?这样做带来的效果是什么?(阐述作者的观点，增加论证的强度，使之言之有据，

言之有理, 最终达到感性认识的理性升华)。

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