AEAS考试中有关分词的知识点及常见用法指导
北京留学培训,aeas备考资料,aeas网课,aeas培训机构,aeas保分班,aeas培训,aeas课程
AEAS考试
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词。尤指以-ing或-ed、-d、-t、-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能。同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态、语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。今天易伯华小编就带大家一起来解析一下AEAS考试中有关分词的考察内容以及常见的用法,希望能够为大家的AEAS备考带来一些帮助。
一、什么是分词的逻辑主语
分词属非谓语动词,即不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。但是,分词作为动词的一种形式,它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语:
I often hear him singing this song.我经常听他唱这首歌。(him是singing的逻辑主语)Hearing the news,he couldn’t help crying.听到这消息,他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语)若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式,则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”:
I often hear this song sung.我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(this song是sung的逻辑主语,但是sing的逻辑宾语)I saw her being taken to the operating room.我看见她被送到手术室。(her是being taken的逻辑主语,但是take的逻辑宾语)
二、使用分词逻辑主语的易错点
分词作状语,它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语,否则会出错。请看下例:
(1)Finding her car stolen,______.
A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughlyC.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help此题答案应选D,因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen的逻辑主语应是“她”,而不是a policeman,the area,it等。
在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动,如:
(2)_____ many times,he still didn’t understand it.
A.Having been told B.Though to be told
C.Having told D.He was told
根据句意,he与tell应是被动关系。从时间上看,应该是“被告诉”在先,“没有理解”在后,故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but,情况有所不同:
(3)_____ many times,but he still didn’t understand it.
A.Having been told B.Though he was toldC.To have been told D.He was told
此题答案选D,句中的并列连词but表明整个句子为并列句,同时表明but前应是一个独立的句子,而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)。
三、分词逻辑主语的特例
一般说来,分词作状语,它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,但事实上有少数例外的特殊情况:
(1)某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达,它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致:
Generally speaking,women live longer than men.一般说来女人比男人活得长。
Judging from what you say,he ought to succeed.从你的话看他应当能成功。
Considering the distance,he arrived very quickly.考虑到路程,他到达得很快。
Taking everything into consideration,you should leave.考虑到各种因素,你最好离开。
(2)当句子含有先行主语it或there时,有时有作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致:
Having so little time,there was not much that I could do.由于时间很少,我能做的事很有限。
Being French,it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook.她是法国人,但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。
(3)当分词已转化为介词或连词,此时也无需考虑主语一致问题:
Supposing she doesn’t come,what shall we do?要是她不来我们怎么办?(supposing为连词,意为“假若”)Given their inexperience,they’ve done a good job.考虑到他们没有经验,这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词,意为“考虑到”)(4)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时,也无需考虑主语的一致性问题:
In doing such work,patience is needed.做这种工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work,patience is needed.)四、分词的独立主格结构
在通常情况下,分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,若不一致,则应改用其他句型,如:
误:Crossing the road,a car knocked him down.
正:Crossing the road,he was knocked down by a car.过马路时他被车撞倒了。
正:When he was crossing the road,a car knocked him down.他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。
解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题,也可在分词前加一个名词或代词,使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式,故称分词的独立主格结构:
The job finished,we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The weather being fine,we went swimming.天气很好,我们就去游泳了。
He being absent,nothing couldn’t be done.由于他缺席,什么事也干不成。
以上各句的the job,the weather,he等不能省略。
好了,通过以上的讲解和指导,大家对于AEAS考试分词部分的运用是不是完全掌握了呢?如果对于AEAS考试备考还有什么疑问,欢迎随时咨询我们的在线老师,让老师一对一为你提供专业的AEAS考试辅导吧!
易伯华教育作为国际课程辅导中心(A-level、IGCSE、IB、AP等国际课程),是中国最专业、最值得信赖的国际课程学习中心,是中国学生通往海外顶尖名校的桥梁。详询:17600269130
免费1对1规划学习方法
曼斯顿语言学专业硕士