【易伯华出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析-Tele working

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Tele-working

A

Teleworking - working remotely from an office- is said to have many benefits

for organisations, the environment and society. It provokes mixed reactions from

its acolytes and those that experience it first-hand. Whether you like it or

not, it is true to say that work is no longer dependent on geography and this

opens up a range of opportunities for working in new ways and environments.

B

The surveys show "that the productivity increase is not primarily because of

longer working hours (as is sometimes suggested). Although prevalent, working

more is just one of a number of influencing factors, and not the most

important." An unusual comparison of the performance of teleworkers with a

closely matched control group of non-teleworkers found that not only was

productivity higher, but also that absenteeism and error rates were lower.

C

Two other areas where SUSTEL has added to the economic impact knowledge base

is its effect on absenteeism and space utilisation. In the case of absenteeism,

over 60 per cent of those surveyed stated that telework had enabled them to work

when they were prevented from reaching a work location (usually through illness

or transport problems). Around half the cases also identified substantial

reductions in space requirements - to the point where one organisation had

completely done away with a central office. Changes in non-commuting travel on

weekends: home-bases workers, which includes a substantial population of people

who are not telecommuters, spend more time shopping out of the home than

traditional workers.

D

Half-time telecommuting could reduce carbon emissions by over 51 million

metric tons a year—the equivalent of taking all of New York's commuters off the

road. Additional carbon footprint savings will come from reduced: office energy,

roadway repairs, urban heating, office construction, business travel, paper

usage (as electronic documents replace paper). Although energy utilization will

continue to grow as we expand our industry and improve our standard of living,

efficient use of energy will always be of prime importance. By telecommuting to

work instead of using more conventional methods, there is a great potential to

save energy. The three major areas where energy can be conserved are:

Vehicle-related materials and resources; Highway-related materials and

resources; and work-related materials and resources.

E

A tremendous amount of energy is required to produce transportation equipment

such as automobiles, buses, trains and jet aircraft. If telecommuting is

promoted, there will be less use of this equipment and less energy will be

required for production, maintenance and repair of this equipment. Fuel

resources and gases needed to operate this equipment will be reduced, as well

the building and repair of highways and maintenance requires a large consumption

of energy, not only in the operation of the highway construction and repair

equipment, but also in the manufacture and transportation of the required

materials An increase in the percentage of people telecommuting to work will

decrease the need for expanded highways and associated road maintenance. The

first two areas related to getting to work.

F

Socially, the SUSTEL research found that most survey respondents felt that

teleworking gave them a better quality of life and work-life balance. Many also

reported health benefits. A significant number also stated that they were using

local services more and becoming more involved in their local communities. The

loss of teamwork and team spirit within teleworking populations was tackled

through ideas such as Oracle's ‘FUNctional' offices. Designed to increase

communication and interaction when people are at the office, they are bright,

and focused around a central cafe to stimulate ideas and face-to-face

contact.

G

The finding that many teleworkers report both longer working hours and better

quality of life is paradoxical. More time working is usually associated with

increased stress, domestic tension and other factors that reduce quality of

life. One possible explanation is that, for many individuals, their increased

working hours will be less than the time they have saved in commuting. Hence,

they still have more time available for family and other activities. For some,

the stress associated with commuting (especially for long distances) may be less

than that arising from additional working time. Perhaps most significantly,

teleworking can in effect create time through opportunities for multi-tasking or

greater control of activities. As one survey respondent noted. "Although the

amount of time has not changed it has made the weekends freer, as domestic

activities can be fitted in during lunchtimes or early morning."

H

When you work in an office or a cubicle and something goes wrong with any

hardware or software you have the option of calling in the IT man. In fact, all

of the equipment that you use at the office is supported by technical staff.

That means regular updates and maintenance for various and sundry office tools

like land-line phones, computers, internet connections, laptops, cell phones,

printers, and other office equipment is all up to you When you work from home,

you'll surely encounter technical problems and when you do, where do you get the

support and help you need? If your computer hard drive crashed today, would you

have the funds to replace it?

Questions 28-35

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I below.

Write the correct letter. A-I in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.

Teleworking has been said to have many benefits for both society and

companies. Survey identified that telecommuters spend more time on 28 than those

traditional workers on changes in non-commuting travel on weekends. It also is

beneficial to environment as it reduces the 29 in the atmosphere from decreased

street repairs, city heating, or even 30 as staff in office could send documents

31 Apart from that, other materials such as Vehicle-related, Highway-related and

32 materials will also be saved. Traditionally, large amount of energy is needed

to make 33 e.g. Public transportation and private cars. With the arise of

telecommuting, resources and 34 will be saved. And conservation goes to the

energy and materials consumed in all 35

A pollution B internet energy C paper usage

D construction and maintenance E materials

F shopping G productivity H fuels and gases

I electronically J IT K equipment L company

M work-related N geography

Questions 36-39

Complete each sentence with correct ending, A-F, below.

Write the correct letter. A-F, in box 36-39 on your answer sheet.

36 More working time is often connected with:

37 Oracle's Functional idea aims to improve:

38 When you work at office equipments such as computers and printers are

maintained by:

39 When work from home using hardware and software:

A stress and tension.

B consumption of goods.

C the problem of less communication with colleagues.

D many problems when equipment doesn't work.

E transport equipment such as automobiles.

F technical supporters.

Questions 40

Answer the question 40 and choose correct letter A. B, C or D.

Implied in the passage, what is the author's attitude toward Telework?

A surprised by it fast growth

B unconcerned about the future pattern

C believe it is generally positive and encouraging

D worried in the economical problems arise

文章题目：远程办公

篇章结构

体裁说明文

题目远程办公

结构A远程办公有很多好处

B 远程办公可以增加工作效率

C 远程办公对经济的贡献

D 远程办公可以减少能源消耗

E 远程办公可以减少交通设施消耗

F 远程办公对社会的影响

G 远程办公不会增加工作时间

H 信息通信对远程办公的影响

（转第二页）