【易伯华独家】最新雅思阅读全真模拟试题：数码节食

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易伯华雅思名师讲堂今天和大家分享一篇阅读仿真模拟题“Digital Diet”(数码节食)，这是一篇论说文，全文共8段。烤鸭们可以先自己试着做一做，做完之后可以对下答案，再看看易伯华名师的悉心讲解。一起来学习吧!

Digital Diet

A

Telecommuting,

Internet shopping and online meetings may save energy as compared with in-person

alternatives, but as the digital age moves on, its green reputation is turning a

lot browner. E-mailing, number crunching and Web searches in the U S. consumed

as much as 61 billion kilowatt-hours last year, or 1.5 percent of the nation's

electricity—half of which comes from coal. In 2005 the computers of the world

ate up 123 billion kilowatt- hours of energy, a number that will double by 2010

if present trends continue, according to Jonathan Koomey, a staff scientist at

Lawrence Berkeley National laboratory. As a result, the power bill to run a

computer over its lifetime will surpass the cost of buying the machine in the

first place giving Internet and computer companies a business reason to cut

energy costs, as well as an environmental one.

B

One

of the biggest energy sinks comes not from the computers themselves but from the

air-conditioning needed to keep them from overheating. For every kilowatt-hour

of energy used for computing m a data center, another kilowatt-hour is required

to cool the furnacelike racks of servers.

C

For

Internet giant Google, this reality has driven efforts such as the installation

of a solar array that can provide 30 percent of the peak power needs of its

Mountain View, Calif., headquarters as well as increasing purchases of renewable

energy. But to deliver Web pages within seconds, the firm must maintain hundreds

of thousands of computer servers in cavernous buildings. "It's a good thing to

worry about server energy efficiency," remarks Google's green energy czar Bill

Weihl. "We are actively working to maximize the efficiency of our data centers,

which account for most of the energy Google consumes worldwide " Google will

funnel some of its profits into a new effort, dubbed R£€ (for renewable energy cheaper than coal, as Google translates it) to make sources such as solar-thermal, high-altitude wind and geothermal cheaper than coal " within years, not decades," according to Weihl.

D

In

the meantime, the industry as a whole has employed a few tricks to save watts.

Efforts include cutting down on the number of transformations the electricity

itself must undergo before achieving the correct operating voltage; rearranging

the stacks of servers and the mechanics of their cooling; and using software to

create multiple "virtual" computers, rather than having to deploy several real

ones. Such visualization has allowed computer maker Hewlett-Packard to

consolidate 86 data centers spread throughout the world to just three, with

three backups, says Pat Tiernan, the firm's vice president of social and

environmental responsibility.

E

The

industry is also tackling the energy issue at the computer-chip level. With

every doubling of processing power in recent years has come a doubling in power

consumption. But to save energy, chipmakers such as Intel and AMD have shifted

to so-called multicore technology, which packs multiple processors into one

circuit rather than separating them. "When we moved to multicore—away from a

linear focus on megahertz and gigahertz—and throttled down microprocessors, the

energy savings were pretty substantial," says A Hyson Klein, Intel's marketing

manager for its Ecotech Initiative. Chipmakers continue to shrink circuits on

the nanoscale as well, which "means a chip needs less electricity" to deliver

the same performance, she adds.

F

With

such chips, more personal computers will meet various efficiency standards, such

as Energy Star compliance (which mandates that a desktop consume no more than 65

watts). The federal government, led by agencies such as NASA and the Department

of Defense may soon require all their purchases to meet the Electronic Product

Environmental Assessment Tool standard. And Google, Intel and others have formed

the Climate Savers Computing, Initiative, an effort to cut power consumption

from all computers by 50 percent by 2010.

G

Sleep

modes and other power management tools built into most operating systems tan

offer savings today. Yet about 90 percent of computers do not have such settings

enabled, according to Klein. Properly activated, they would prevent a computer

from leading to the emission of thousands of kilograms of carbon dioxide from

power plants every year. But if powering down or unplugging the computer (the

only way it uses zero power) is not an option, then perhaps the most

environmentally friendly use of all those wasted computing cycles is in helping

to model climate change. The University of Oxford's C11matePrcdictioo.net offers

an opportunity to at least predict the consequences of all that coal

burning.

H

C02Stats

is a free tool that can be embedded into any Web site to calculate the carbon

dioxide emissions associated with using it. That estimate is based on an

assumption of 300 watts of power consumed by the personal computer, network and

server involved— or 16.5 milligrams of C02 emitted every second of use. "The

typical carbon footprint is roughly equivalent to 1.5 people breathing," says

physicist Alexander Wissner-Gross of Harvard University, who co-created the Web

tool.

Question 1-6

Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-E) with

opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 1-6 on your

answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

A Jonathan Koomey

B Ally son Klein

C Pat Tiernan

D Bill Weihl

E Alexander Wissner-Gross

1 Figuring ways to optimize the utilization of energy in certain significant

departments in the company

2 A revolutionary improvement in a tiny but quite imperative component of the

computers

3 Targeting at developing alternative sources within the near future

4 An astounding estimate on the energy to be consumed by computers in a short

period based on an unchangeable trend

5 A powerful technique developed for integration of resources

6 A failure for the vast majority of computers to activate the use of some

internal tools already available in them

Question 7-10

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading

Passage?

In boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

7 To chill the sever does not take up considerable amount of energy needed

for the computer.

8 It seems that the number of the servers has a severe impact on the speed of

the internet connection

9 Several companies from other fields have a joint effort with the internet

industry to work on the ways to save energy.

10 Actions taken at a governmental level are to be expected to help with

savings in the energy in the near future.

Question 11-13

Summury

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No

More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your

answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

The…11…has also been reached 10 save up energy in every possible way and the

philosophy behind it lies in the fact that there is a positive correlation

between the ability to process and the need for energy. In this context, some

firms have switched to…12…which means several processors are integrated into one

single circuit to make significant energy savings. What is more, they go on

to…13…on an even more delicate level for the chips to save more energy while

staying at the constant level in terms of the performance.