【易伯华出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析--How to Achieve Happiness

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You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading

Passage below.

Throughout the whole period of one’s lifetime, the achieving of happiness can

be seen as our ultimate and everlasting goal. Happiness is far more than a

strong body, a magnificent villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we

need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness through scientific

methods.

A

When we are asked the question "Where can we find happiness", it is a puzzle

difficult to answer accurately. We can find happiness right in our own home, in

our workplace, in school, in the company of our friends, etc. It is up to us to

find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and long for.

However, it is essential to recognize that there is no one absolute way to

achieve happiness. People may have different ideas with regard to the ways of

achieving happiness. The following five classifications are perceived by many

people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position,

educational achievement and fame.

B

To give it a comprehensive definition, happiness is a mental state of

well-being characterized by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from

contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious,

and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its

sources. Various research groups, including Positive Psychology, endeavor to

apply the scientific method to answer questions about what "happiness" is, and

how we might attain it. While philosophers and religious thinkers often define

happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as

an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia,

and is still used in virtue ethics.

C

While the level of physical healthiness is the biggest determinant of

happiness, comparison of financial success with others of the same age group is

the second largest source of happiness and unhappiness. Financially richer

people tend to be happier than poorer people, according to sociological

researcher Glenn Firebaugh of Pennsylvania State University. Their research is

focused on whether the income effect on happiness results largely from the

things money can buy (absolute income effect) or from comparing one's income to

the income of others (relative income effect). They present their research in a

session paper, tided "Relative Income and Happiness: Arc Americans on a Hedonk

Treadmill?" Firebaugh argues that, in evaluating their own incomes, individuals

compare themselves to their peers of the same age. Therefore, a persons reported

level of happiness depends on how his or her income compares to others in the

same age group. Using comparison groups on the basis of age, the researchers

find evidence of both relative and absolute effects, but relative income is more

important than absolute income in determining the happiness of individuals in

the United States. This may result in a self-indulgent treadmill, because

incomes in the United States rise over most of the adult lifespan. They always

dissatisfy with the salary. For example, the survey indicates that the students

studied in Harvard University expect to earn much more money than their

classmates rather than care about the exact amount of the salary.

D

We have long been aware that elements from various perspectives of We could

contribute to realizing happiness. The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

(MISTRA) has recently conducted a research project, choosing 120 pairs of

reared-apart twins as subjects to test their perception of happiness. In an

early report of results it was found that, on most measurable psychological

traits, the level of welfare between the twins in a set felt is varied instead

of being the same or similar. Thus environmental factors may not be the only

factor that affects the feeling of happiness significantly. In another

investigation, among persons of European ancestry, for psychological features

that can be measured, heritability range from about 25 percent to 80 percent.

Or, to put it more concretely, from one-fourth to four-fifths of the variation

from person to person in such features as IQ, creativity and happiness, is

associated with genetic differences between those persons. That indicates that

genetic difference may also affect the happiness. Furthermore, neurobiological

evidence shows that left and right frontal lobes play different roles in the

emotion (MC) (M). Happiness is a type of emotion, a positive one. From the

experiments, happiness and the left prefrontal lobe are combined together. The

more active it is, the more positive emotion you sense.

E

At the outset of new millennium, a global research had a result that the

people living in the modern world were even unhappier. With crises being on the

rise these days, finding happiness can be a bit challenging. Despite of all the

stresses associated with life, we still do our best to be happy — because being

happy is the only way to keep us afloat. Happiness is considered a very

important therapy, both physically and mentally. With it, we are inspired to

accomplish whatever goals we want to achieve. It's a strong drive that keeps us

going and helps us live our life every single day.

F

There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear to

you. There is nothing more joyful than to be with the people you love. During

the weekends, try to schedule a fun trip for you and your partner, or one for

your whole family. Just go somewhere else for a change and enjoy the change of

scenery. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to

find happiness. If your schedule is too tight for volunteer work, you can just

donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charity. When you eat

out, try to be a good tipper to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your

car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as

well. Start and end your day with a smile. Smiling is a very powerful gesture.

There's no need for words to describe how pleasant it is. If you have a lousy

day, smile your way out of the office. When people smile back at you, it will

uplift your mood and make you feel better. Spending some time with your friends.

A close circle of friends is one of the most important sources of happiness.

Questions 1-5

The reading Passage has six paragraphs A-F

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E from the list of headings

below.

Write the appropriate number, i-ix. in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. Solutions of acquiring happiness

ii. Happiness helps to ease pressure from modem life

iii. Smile can make you happy

iv. The wealthier, the happier

v. The influence of environment

vi. Sources of happiness

vii. How to define happiness

viii. The comparison of old times and modem life

ix. Factors that affect the happiness

1. Paragraph A

2. Paragraph B

3. Paragraph C

4. Paragraph D

5. Paragraph E

Example

Paragraph F i

Questions 6-10

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet

6 Which of the following items is NOT the source of happiness?

A. company of wife and children

B. experience of having a big feast

C. obtaining higher education

D. high social status

7 What is the decisive step of achieving happiness?

A. having a positive mind

B. strong in social activities

C. lots of belongings and properties

D. a healthy body

8 Which is NOT mentioned in this passage for affecting the happiness?

A. personal character

B. the reflection of frontal lobes

C. genetic differences

D. environmental factors

9 A worldwide research in the 21st century indicates that

A. Male feels more stressful than female.

B. People are leading a happy life.

C. Modem life makes people upset.

D. Most people are not satisfied with current situation.

10 Which suggestion is NOT mentioned in the last paragraph for achieving

happiness?

A. go out for a picnic during weekends

B. to consult a psychologist

C. make donations to charities

D. a beautiful smile

Questions 11-13

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

11 A study of reared-apart twins

12 The left prefrontal lobe of human

13 People living in modern city

A. have no method to escape from pressure.

B. may cam more sense of happiness by a circle of close friends.

C. encouraged people to make further investigation.

D. demonstrates that environment is not the sole factor that affects

happiness.

E. suggests that people have no control on their welfare.

F. has affirmative connection with the feeling of happiness.

G. are not sure about what is happiness.

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