雅思写作内容及评分标准之：连贯性及一致性

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在备考雅思写作过程中，考生们要注意参考雅思写作评分标准，不要盲目练习，很多考生会忽略写作内容连贯性及一致性的问题，这个问题对雅思写作整体分数会有严重的影响。本期易伯华雅思君就为大家详细分析一下：

贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内涵的逻辑性，后者指的是运用变换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，语句之间就没有内涵的有机的联络;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不流畅。

阶段中语句的摆放应遵循必定的顺序，不能想到什么就写什么。假如在着笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。

下面介绍几种雅思写作内容常见的方式。

A.按时刻先后(chronological arrangement)

We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late

and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff

was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the

desert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat

nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our

drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four

o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the

tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the

desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down

a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind

howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for

warmth that it had not been our lucky day.

本段从"rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine

o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天完毕("By nine--")。

B.按方位远近(spatial arrangement)

From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could

see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we

could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the

building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story

structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was

made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was

made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four.

Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow

staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All

those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across

the flat land.

本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到(" ten feet

away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……当然，按方位远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也能够由近及远，由外至内等等。

C.按逻辑关系(logical arrangement)

If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in

expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to

express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step

up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others

through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from

manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more

important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or

speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government,

the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps

the most important of all the skills a man can possess.

这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与工作，身份有关，从"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more

important"，最后是"most important"。

行文的逻辑性常常要靠恰当的变换词语及其他手法来完成。

Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he

had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his

studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked

constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter

forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a

result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and

Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to

graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward

realizing his goal.

本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是变换词语(transitional words or

phrases)，另一种是起变换效果的其他衔接手法(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in

particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently,

and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these,

his.本段有词汇105个，所运用的变换词语及其他衔接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅有利，并且关于学生在规则时刻内写足所要求的字数也是不无优点的。

雅思写作内容中经常出现的几种错误：

1)不必要的改动时态，比方：

In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found

everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie

Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come

after him anyway.

2)不必要的改动单复数，比方：

Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if

he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of

pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure

of satisfaction in work and in relationships.

3)不必要的改动人称，比方：

Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's

activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the

family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things

together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your

own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness

and therefore sponsor knowledge.

因而写作中，必定要注意时态，人称以及数的改变是否正确，要注意保持一致。

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