【刷题锦囊】雅思阅读无限仿真模拟题详解：Compliance or Noncompliance for Children

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易伯华雅思名师讲堂今天和大家分享一篇阅读仿真模拟题“Compliance or Noncompliance for Children”（《儿童的听从与不听从》），这是一篇论说文，全文共5段。大家可以在正文中看到原文和题目，可以先自己试着做一做，做完之后之后可以看到易伯华名师的悉心讲解。一起来学习吧！

Compliance or Noncompliance for Children

Many Scientists believe that socialization takes a long process, while

compliance is the outset of it. Accordingly, compliance for education of

children is the priority. Motivationally distinct forms of child compliance,

mutually positive affect, and maternal control, observed in 3 control contexts

in 103 dyads of mothers and their 26-41-month-old children, were examined as

correlates of internalization, assessed using observations of children while

alone with prohibited temptations and maternal ratings. One form of compliance

(committed compliance), when the child appeared committed wholeheartedly to the

maternal agenda and eager to endorse and accept it, was emphasized. Mother-child

mutually positive affect was both a predictor and a concomitant of committed

compliance. Children who shared positive affect with their mothers showed a high

level of committed compliance and were also more internalized. Differences and

similarities between children's compliance to requests and prohibitions ("Do"

vs. "Don't" demand contexts) were also explored. Maternal "Dos" appeared more

challenging to toddlers than the "Don't". Some individual coherence of behavior

was also found across both demand contexts. The implications of committed

compliance for emerging internalized regulators of conduct are discussed.

A number of parents were not easy to be aware of the compliance, some even

overlooked their children's noncompliance. Despite good education, these

children did not follow the words from their parents on several occasions,

especially boys in certain ages. Fortunately, this rate was acceptable, some

parents could be patient with the noncompliance. Someone held that noncompliance

is probably not a wrong thing. In order to determine the effects of different

parental disciplinary techniques on young children's compliance and

noncompliance, mothers were trained to observe emotional incidents involving

their own toddler-aged children. Reports of disciplinary encounters were

analyzed in terms of the types of discipline used (reasoning, verbal

prohibition, physical coercion, love withdrawal, and combinations thereof) and

children's responses to that discipline (compliance/ noncompliance and

avoidance). The relation between compliance/ noncompliance and type of misdeed

(harm to persons, harm to property, and lapses of self-control) was also

analyzed. Results indicated that love withdrawal combined with other techniques

was most effective in securing children's compliance and that its effectiveness

was not a function of the type of technique with which it was combined. Avoidant

responses and affective reunification with the parent were more likely to follow

love withdrawal than any other technique. Physical coercion was somewhat less

effective than love withdrawal, while reasoning and verbal prohibition were not

at all effective except when both were combined with physical coercion.

"Noncompliant Children sometimes prefer to say no directly as they were

younger, they are easy to deal with the relationship with contemporaries when

they are growing up. During the period that children is getting elder, who may

learn to use more advanced approaches for their noncompliance. They are more

skillful to negotiate or give reasons for refusal rather than show their

opposite idea to parents directly," Said Henry Porter, scholar working in

Psychology Institute of UK. He indicated that noncompliance means growth in some

way, may have benefit for children. Many Experts held different viewpoints in

recent years, they tried drilling compliance into children. His collaborator

Wallace Freisen believed that Organizing child's daily activities so that they

occur in the same order each day as much as possible. This first strategy for

defiant children is ultimately the most important. Developing a routine helps a

child to know what to expect and increases the chances that he or she will

comply with things such as chores, homework, and hygiene requests. When

undesirable activities occur in the same order at optimal times during the day,

they become habits that are not questioned, but done without thought. Chances

are that you have developed some type of routine for yourself in terms of

showering, cleaning your house, or doing other types of work. You have an idea

in your mind when you will do these things on a regular basis and this helps you

to know what to expect. In fact, you have probably already been using most of

these compliance strategies for yourself without realizing it. For children,

without setting these expectations on a daily basis by making them part of a

regular routine, they can become very upset. Just like adults, children think

about what they plan to do that day and expect to be able to do what they want.

So, when you come along and ask them to do something they weren't already

planning to do that day, this can result in automatic refusals and other

undesirable defiant behavior. However, by using this compliance strategy with

defiant children, these activities are done almost every day in the same general

order and the child expects to already do them.

Doctor Steven Walson addressed that organizing fun activities to occur after

frequently refused activities. This strategy also works as a positive reinforcer

when the child complies with your requests. By arranging your day so that things

often refused occur right before highly preferred activities, you are able to

eliminate defiant behavior and motivate your child's behavior of doing the

undesirable activity. This is not to be presented in a way that the preferred

activity is only allowed if a defiant child does the non-preferred activity.

However, you can word your request in a way so that your child assumes that you

have to do the non-preferred activity before moving on to the next preferred

activity. For example, you do not want to say something such as, "If you clean

your room we can play a game." Instead word your request like this, "As soon as

you are done cleaning your room we will be able to play that really fun game you

wanted to play."

Psychologist Paul Edith insisted praise is the best way to make children to

comply with. This is probably a common term you are used to hearing by now. If

you praise your child's behavior, he or she will be more likely to do that

behavior. So, it is essential to use praise when working with defiant children.

It also provides your child with positive attention. However, it is important to

know how to praise children in a way that encourages future automatic

reinforcement for your child when doing a similar behavior.

Question 27-31

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

27 The children, especially boys received good education may

A always comply with their parents' words

B be good at math

C have a high score at school

D disobey their parents’ order sometimes

28 Face to their children's compliance and noncompliance, parents

A must be aware of the compliance

B ask for help from their teachers

C some of them may ignore their noncompliance

D pretend not to see

29 According to Henry Porter, noncompliance for children

A are entirely harmful

B may have positive effects

C needs medicine assistance

D should be treated by expert doctor

30 When children are growing up, they

A always try to directly say no

B are more skillful to negotiate

C learn to cheat instead of noncompliance

D tend to keep silent

31 Which is the possible reaction the passage mentioned for elder children

and younger ones if they don't want to comply with the order

A elder children prefer to refuse directly

B elder ones refuse to answer

C younger children may reject directly

D younger ones may save any words

Look at the following people and list of statements below.

Match each person with the correct statement.

Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 32-35 on your answer

32 Henry Porter

33 Wallace Freisen

34 Steven Walson

35 Paul Edith

List of statements

A children of all ages will indirectly show noncompliance

B elder children tend to negotiate rather than show noncompliance

C converse behavior means noncompliance

D organizing fun activities to occur after frequently refused activities

E organizing child's daily activities in the same order as much as

possible

F use praise in order to make children compliant

G take the children to school at an early age

Question 36-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading

Passage?

In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement is true

NO if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

36 Socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the prior research

subject.

37 Parents' cognition and attitude to their children's compliance or

noncompliance are varied.

38 Younger children choose to be noncompliant because it may be simple to get

along with the peers in the same age.

39 Experts never tried drilling compliance into children.

40 Psychologist Paul Edith negated the importance that knowing how to praise

children in a encouraged way.

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