【易伯华出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析--Paul Nash

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Paul Nash

APaul Nash, the elder son of William Nash and his first wife, Caroline

Jackson, was born in London on 11th May, 1889. His father was a successful

lawyer who became the Recorder of Abingdon. According to Ronald Blythe: "In 1901

the family returned to its native Buckinghamshire, where the garden of Wood Lane

House at Iver Heath, and the countryside of the Chiltern hills, with its

sculptural beeches and chalky contours, were early influences on the development

of the three children. Their lives were overshadowed by their mother's mental

illness and Nash himself was greatly helped by his nurse who, with some elderly

neighbours, introduced him to the universe of plants."

BNash was educated at St. Paul's School and the Slade School of Art, where he

met Dora Carrington. Unlike some of his contemporaries at the Slade School, Nash

remained untouched by the two post-impressionist exhibitions organized by Roger

Fry in 1910 and 1912. Instead, he was influenced by the work of William Blake.

He also became a close friend of Gordon Bottomley, who took a keen interest in

his career.

CNash had his first one-man show, of ink and wash drawings, at the Carfax

Gallery in 1912. The following year he shared an exhibition at the Dorien Leigh

Gallery with his brother, John Nash. Myfanwy Piper, has added: "Nash had a

noteworthy sense of order and of the niceties of presentation; his pictures were

beautifully framed, drawings mounted, his studio precisely and decoratively

tidy, and oddments which he collected were worked up into compositions."

DPaul Nash was strongly attracted to Dora Carrington: He later recalled

“Carrington was the dominating personality, I got an introduction to her and

eventually won her regard by lending her my braces for a fancy-dress party. We

were on the top of a bus and she wanted them then and there.”

EOn the outbreak Nash considered the possibility of joining the British Army.

He told a friend: “I am not keen to rush off and be a soldier. The whole

damnable war is too horrible of course and I am all against killing anybody,

speaking off hand, but beside all that I believe both Jack and I might be more

useful as ambulance and red cross men and to that end we are training. Nash

enlisted in the Artists' Rifles. He told Gordon Bottomley: "I have joined the

Artists' London Regiment of Territorials the old Corps which started with

Rossetti, Leighton and Millais as members in 1860. Every man must do his bit in

this horrible business so I have given up painting. There are many nice

creatures in my company and I enjoy the burst of exercise - marching, drilling

all day in the open air about the pleasant parts of Regents Park and Hampstead

Heath."

FIn March 1917 he was sent to the Western Front. Nash, who took part in the

offensive at Ypres, had reached the rank of lieutenant in the Hampshire Regiment

by 1916. Whenever possible, Nash made sketches of life in the trenches. In May,

1917 he was invalided home after a non-military accident. While recuperating in

London, Nash worked from his sketches to produce a series of war paintings. This

work was well-received when exhibited later that year. As a result of this

exhibition, Charles Masterman, head of the government's War Propaganda Bureau

(WPB), and the advice of Edward Marsh and William Rothenstein, it was decided to

recruit Nash as a war artist. In November 1917 in the immediate aftermath of the

battle of Passchendaele Nash returned to France.

GNash was unhappy with his work as a member of War Propaganda Bureau. He

wrote at the time: "I am no longer an artist. I am a messenger who will bring

back word from the men who are fighting to those who want the war to go on

forever. Feeble, inarticulate will be my message, but it will have a bitter

truth and may it burn their lousy souls." However, as Myfanwy Piper has pointed

out: "The drawings he made then, of shorn trees in ruined and flooded

landscapes, were the works that made Nash's reputation. They were shown at the

Leicester Galleries in 1918 together with his first efforts at oil painting, in

which he was self-taught and quickly successful, though his drawings made in the

field had more immediate public impact.

HIn 1919 Nash moved to Dymchurch in Kent, beginning his well-known series of

pictures of the sea, the breakwaters, and the long wall that prevents the sea

from flooding Romney Marsh. This included Winter Sea and Dymchurch Steps. Nash

also painted the landscapes of the Chiltern Hills. In 1924 and 1928 he had

successful exhibitions at the Leicester Galleries. Despite this popular acclaim

in 1929 his work became more abstract. In 1933 Nash founded Unit One, the group

of experimental painters, sculptors, and architects.

IDuring the Second World War Nash was employed by the Ministry of information

and the Air Ministry and paintings produced by him during this period include

the Battle of Britain and Totes Meer. His biographer, Myfanwy Piper, has argued:

"This war disturbed Nash but did not change his art as the last one had. His

style and his habits were formed, and in the new war he treated his new subjects

as he had treated those he had been thinking about for so long. His late

paintings, both oils and watercolours, are alternately brilliant and sombre in

colour with the light of setting suns and rising moons spreading over wooded and

hilly landscapes. 'Paul Nash died at 35 Boscombe Spa Road, Bournemouth, on 11th

July 1946.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each

answer.

11 Because of a popular display of Nash's works created in the army, what did

his

leader designate him as?

12 How did Nash learn oil painting?

13 What a change took place for Nash's painting style in the late second

decade of

the twentieth century?

Questions 14-17

Choose the correct letter, A-G?

Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

What four statements are correct concerning Nash's story?

A He did not make an effort after becoming a high ranking official in the

army.

B He had a dream since his childhood.

C He once temporarily ceased his painting career for some reason.

D He was not affected by certain shows attractive to his other peers.

E He had cooperation in art with his relative.

F Some of his paintings were presented in a chaotic way.

G His achievement after being enlisted in the army did not as much attention

as his previous works.

Questions 18-23

The reading Passage has eleven paragraphs A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-I, in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

18 a charming lady in Nash's eyes

19 Nash's passion on following particularly appreciated artists

20 Nash's works with contrast elements

21 the true cause for Nash to join the military service

22 the noticeable impact on Nash's growth exerted from the rearing

environment

23 high praise for Nash's unique taste of presenting his works

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