雅思听力提分训练素材：Sexually Harass

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本期雅思听力提分训练素材：有多大可能会有人性骚扰别人？这种规模待确定(How Likely Is Someone To Sexually Harass

Others? This Scale

Determines?)本听力素材来自NPR，NPR新闻是美国的国家公共广播，纯公益，所以内容更加去纯粹，直击心灵。可作为雅思听力泛听训练的日常素材，坚持长期听，除了锻炼英语听力，还能积累雅思听力词汇。

英语泛听听力MP3素材下载：http://bbs.yibohua.con/thread-424652-1-1.html

How Likely Is Someone To Sexually Harass Others? This Scale Determines

雅思听力泛听原文

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

We're going to spend the next few minutes talking about one of the other

major stories of recent months - excuse me - sexual harassment. In a few

minutes, we'll hear a perspective on how religious institutions struggle to deal

with complaints about sexual misconduct by clergy.

我们将在接下来的几分钟里谈论最近几个月的另一个主要故事——抱歉——性骚扰。几分钟后，我们将听到宗教机构如何处理神职人员性行为不当的投诉。

While a lot of the stories have rightly focused on what happened, they often

don't get to the question of why some people, mainly men, sexually harass their

colleagues and others don't. And one person who's been thinking about that

question since the 1980s is psychologist John Pryor of Illinois State

University. Years ago, he designed a scale to measure how likely someone is to

sexually harass. I started by asking him about what motivated his research and

how he developed it.

JOHN PRYOR: I designed the "Likelihood To Sexually Harass Scale" using some

common stereotypes about men in power situations. In fact, one of the scenarios

I developed focused on the casting couch in Hollywood. So I asked college men to

imagine that they had such a job and that there's a woman they're attracted to.

And I asked them, how likely is it that they would offer a role in a film in

exchange for sexual favors?

One of the things that let me know I was onto something when I first started

working on this was that there was a high level of consistency in men's

responses to this. So men who would say that they would perform this act of

sexual coercion in one situation were highly likely to say they'd do it in other

situations. Conversely, you see that men who said they wouldn't do it were also

unlikely to say they would do it in other situations.

MARTIN: Do you find specific characteristics in the individuals who are

likely to engage in this conduct?

PRYOR: There are a series of beliefs that people have about sexual harassment

that represent kind of a psychological underpinning for this kind of behavior -

beliefs like women asking for it or women making false complaints. I can't tell

you how many people I've been interviewed by ask me, what about the false

complaints? Well, there are many false complaints. There are not many complaints

period.

人们对性骚扰有一系列的信念，这代表了这种行为的一种心理基础，如妇女要求这种观点或妇女提出虚假申诉。我不能告诉你我面试过的人有多少，问我怎么了?嗯，有很多虚假的抱怨。投诉时间不多。

Some of the things that we see have to do with a lack of perspective-taking

or empathy for other people. One of the other things I can tell you that's kind

of consistent with that is that we can reduce the willingness of men to engage

in sexual coercion - sexual harassment - by inducing them to think long and hard

about perspectives of women. So that shows that, as a variable, something like

taking the perspective of others is a very important thing, I believe.

MARTIN: What has struck you about - I mean, as we mentioned earlier, you

started this research three decades ago. But now, the floodgates have been

opened within the last couple of months, and there's all these different

industries, as we've mentioned, including this one, where this behavior has been

revealed. I'm just - I'm curious how you have reacted to this, as a person who's

been studying this for so long.

PRYOR: One of the things that I and many others have concluded is it's a

really common kind of thing to see some forms of sexual harassment in the

workplace. So it's not surprising that you have all these people saying yeah, me

too - this happened to me too. So I think that maybe what's surprising is why it

took so long for people to come forth.

One of the things that I suspect though, with regard to why it has taken so

long – and I'll speculate here - is I think that admitting that you were a

target or a victim of sexual harassment is somewhat of a stigma. So people

generally avoid identifying themselves as having some kind of stigmatizing

characteristic or stigmatizing behavior they've encountered.

But when you start to see people coming forth in public, one of the things

you do is you start to remove some of the stigma. So what we see is when women

hear other women say, oh, this happened to me, this happened to me, and you

think, yeah, it happened to me, and they're less likely to think they're going

to be treated negatively for coming forth and saying that it happened to

them.

MARTIN: John Pryor is a distinguished professor emeritus at Illinois State

University. He created the "Likelihood To Sexually Harass Scale." We talked to

him at the studios at Illinois State University. Professor Pryor, thanks so much

for speaking with us.

PRYOR: Thank you, Michel. It's nice to talk to you.

雅思听力高频词汇

stereotype 刻板印象

sexual harassment 性骚扰

perspective 观点

distinguish 区分

complaint 抱怨

characteristics 特点

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